Relation Between Phonologic Difficulty and the Occurrence of Disfluencies in the Early Stage of Stuttering

Abstract

, "Relation between phonologic difficulty and the occurrence of disfluencies in the early stage of stuttering" (1994). Faculty Research and Creative Activity. 6.

Predictive factors of persistence and recovery: Pathways of childhood stuttering

“…They reported negative findings; however, their classification of subjects and conclusions were not verified by longitudinal observations of the children. The relations between stuttering and articulation/phonology, language disorders, non--verbal skills and intelligence factors, has been discussed in past (Andrews & Harris, 1964;Berry, 1938) as well as more recent literature (Louko, Edwards, & Conture, 1990;Nippold, 1990;Throneburg, Yairi, & Paden, 1994;Wall, Starkweather, & Cairns, 1981). Similarly, there has been growing recognition of the role of genetics in stuttering (Kidd, 1980;Kidd, 1984).…”

Phonological complexity in school-aged children who stutter and exhibit a language disorder

“…However, research into specific stuttering-phonology connections have included the following areas: (a) the nature of the stuttering behavior in children with normal and disordered phonology (e.g., Wolk, Edwards, & Conture, 1993); (b) correlation between the frequency of disfluencies and number of phonological errors (e.g., Louko, Conture, & Edwards, 1990;Ryan, 2001;Yaruss & Conture, 1996); (c) phonological behaviors of children who stutter and are normally fluent (e.g., Wolk et al, 1993); and (d) the relationship between phonological abilities and the course of stuttering as a developmental disorder Paden, Yairi, & Ambrose, 1999;Ryan, 2001;Yairi, Ambrose, Paden, & Throneburg, 1996). An additional focus of interest has been on the relationship between stuttering and the difficulty/phonological complexity of the phoneme and phoneme sequences, such as the phoneme itself, syllable shape, syllable length, and utterance position (Howell & Au-Yeung, 1995;Throneburg, Yairi, & Paden, 1994;Wolk, Blomgren, & Smith, 2000).…”

“…However, as Howell and Rusbridge (2011a) point out, content words (i.e., nouns, main verbs, adverbs and adjectives) should be separated from function words (i.e., auxiliary verbs, articles, pronouns, prepositions, and conjunctions) and word position should be considered, as was implemented historically in stuttering research (Brown, 1945). Furthermore, the phonological complexity scale devised by Throneburg et al (1994) credits consonant clusters, which can appear in any word position, but stuttering occurs primarily at the word-initial position. Anderson (2007) was the first to apply a different set of measures of phonological complexity to the stuttered words of preschool-aged children who stutter, close to the age of onset.…”

“…There have been considerable efforts in recent years to understand how phonological components of stuttered words and/or how language formulation may be a part of the disfluent output (e.g., Au-Yeung et al, 1998;Throneburg et al, 1994;Weiss & Jakielski, 2001;Wolk et al, 2000). Recent studies have attempted to expand the notions from early work on stuttering, and many authors have discussed a broad connection between phonological factors and stuttering and between language demand and fluency behavior (e.g., Bloodstein & Bernstein Ratner, 2008;Guitar, 2014).…”

“…This speaks to the exquisite timing necessary for optimum functioning/planning of the motor and linguistic systems. Throneburg et al (1994) were possibly the first set of researchers to investigate the phonological complexity of stuttered words in preschool-aged children who stutter close to the age of onset, using a measure they devised that credits late emerging consonants (fricatives, affricates, and liquids), consonant clusters/strings, and multi-syllabic words. They concluded that phonological complexity based on these factors did not contribute to stuttering rates, even when subgrouping by severity.…”