Relation between neurological status, refractive error, and visual acuity in children: a clinical study

Mackie, Roisin; McCulloch, DL; Saunders, Kathryn; Day, Rosie; Phillips, Sheelagh; Dutton, Gordon N.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1998.tb15353.x

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Those most at risk for poor face discrimination skills, including the elderly and people with learning disabilities, are at high risk for both visual and cognitive impairment. [35][36][37][38] With suitable normative data, the FrACT-based test of face discrimination could help to distinguish between difficulties with face perception caused by low vision and those associated with cognitive visual impairment and identify the extent of each. 39 The present study shows that degradation of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity is closely related to the loss of ability to discriminate faces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of visual degradation on face discrimination

McCulloch

Löffler

Colquhoun

et al. 2011

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Poor face discrimination has a profound impact on real-life social communication. Here we report that artificial visual degradation also adversely impacts a synthetic face recognition task. As a rule of thumb, reduction in VA of 0.3 logMAR (halving the decimal VA) reduces the face recognition distance by a factor of 0.6 times. The FrACT-based face discrimination task provides an efficient new tool to quantify and monitor face discrimination ability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of visual degradation on face discrimination

McCulloch

Löffler

Colquhoun

et al. 2011

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…Typically-developing children are expected to progress to standard optotype tests by the age of 3 years (Leat et al, 1999), but PL may remain the only viable technique for older children with intellectual disabilities. Several studies describe the successful use of the CAT (Mackie et al, 1995(Mackie et al, , 1998 and grating PL tests (Hertz, 1987;Adams and Courage, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acuity measurements in adult subjects using a preferential looking test

Woodhouse

Morjaria

Adler³

2007

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Preferential looking (PL), as a technique for assessing visual acuity, was designed for use with young infants. There are occasions when a practitioner may need to use a PL test with an adult who is unable to participate in acuity measures with conventional optotype tests (such as an adult with learning disabilities, stroke damage or dementia). In preparation for the development of an adult-appropriate PL test, this study compared scores with the Cardiff Acuity Test (CAT, which was designed as a PL test) and a standard LogMAR-based test, the Lea chart. One hundred and one adults with learning disabilities, attending vision screening at Special Olympics, took part in acuity measures with both tests. Athletes subsequently found to have uncorrected refractive errors were excluded and analysis was confined to 72 athletes. There was no significant difference in mean acuity with the two tests, but CAT tended to overestimate scores for poorer acuities. CAT was less sensitive than the Lea chart to interocular acuity differences. Although CAT may be a successful way to assess acuity in patients unable to participate in conventional acuity tests, the practitioner should be cautious in interpreting results. There is the potential with CAT to overestimate acuity and to miss small interocular differences, so criteria for determining 'abnormality' may need to be adjusted.

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“…In different CP motor-disorder syndromes, diverse visual disorders and refraction anomalies have been described (Harcourt 1974, Woods 1979, Black 1982, Schenk-Rootlieb et al 1994, Mackie et al 1998. One of the most common results is a greater frequency of hyperopia in the CP population than in a non-pathological population.…”

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confidence: 99%

Refractive errors in children with cerebral palsy, psychomotor retardation, and other non‐cerebral palsy neuromotor disabilities

Sobrado¹,

rez²,

García-Sá³

et al. 1999

Develop Med Child Neuro

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The aim of this study was to analyse the refractive state of four different groups of children: those with spastic cerebral palsy (CP), aged between 7 and 81 months(N=50); psychomotor retardation, aged between 19 and 70 months (N=16); other neuromotor dysfunctions, aged between 12 and 75 months (N=37); and without psychomotor retardation, aged between 9 and 73 months (N=181). Refractive errors were determined using cycloplegic retinoscopy and non‐cycloplegic retinoscopy (Mohindra's technique). We found higher percentages of hyperopia, tendency toward hyperopia, and other refractive anomalies in all the pathological groups of children than in the non‐pathological control groups. Children from both the non‐CP pathological control group and the group with psychomotor retardation had similar or even higher levels of hyperopia than children from the group with spastic CP. Our results in different age groups indicate a less effective normal emmetropization course in all the pathological groups of children studied. The correction of refractive errors is needed in these children before the end of the neural plasticity period.

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Relation between neurological status, refractive error, and visual acuity in children: a clinical study

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

The effects of visual degradation on face discrimination

The effects of visual degradation on face discrimination

Acuity measurements in adult subjects using a preferential looking test

Refractive errors in children with cerebral palsy, psychomotor retardation, and other non‐cerebral palsy neuromotor disabilities

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