Relation between foot pain and plantar pressure in pregnancy

VAROL, Tuncay; Göker, Aslı; Cezayirli, Enis; Özgür, Serkan; Yücel, Ayşe Tuç

doi:10.3906/sag-1601-185

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Therefore, the size of the force impulse is probably formed more by force than by time during the gait. Varol et al (2017) observed a general increase of FTI values during a pregnancy, especially in the midfoot area and this change could be related to increased foot pain.…”

Section: Tabmentioning

confidence: 82%

Assessment of COP characteristics and force-time changes during walking in the third trimester of pregnancy

Mikeska¹,

Zvonař²,

Gimunová³

2020

StS

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Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to analyse the COP characteristics and force-time changes during walking between weeks 27 and 36 of pregnancy. The secondary objective was to verify the influence of the specific orthopaedic shoes that were given to the experimental group. The experimental group wore patented J Hanák R biomechanical footwear and insoles, which are designed to help with redistribution of forces acting on foot, to support both longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot and to strengthen the foot muscles during movement.Methods: Seventy-three pregnant women participated in this study. This group was random divided into the experimental group (35 pregnant women) wearing specific orthopaedic shoes and the control group (38 pregnant women). The motor task consisted of five gait trials where two foot prints for each leg were always recorded. The participants started barefoot walking 3 m ahead of the pressure platform and finished the trial 1 m after the end of the platform in order to preserve acceleration and deceleration in gait. Participants walked at their own preferred velocity. All pedobarometric parameters were registered by Emed walkway - trademark of novel gmbh in Munich, Germany. Data processing was divided to two scrips. The first script processed data to these variables (COP characteristics): Centre of pressure index (COPI), centre of pressure excursion index (COPEI), distance (D) of COP, maximum velocity (MaV) and mean velocity (MeV) of COP. The second script processed data for ten pre-defined areas of the foot: hindfoot, midfoot, MH1-5 – metatarsal heads, big toe, second toe, toes 3, 4 and 5 with these applied variables (force-time characteristics): Force-time integral (FTI) and contact time (CT).Results: For the experimental group, in comparison between 27th week and the 36th week of gestation, we can find lower COPI for both feet, significantly only for the left foot (p=0.04). Also, significant difference in COPEI (p=0.03, p=0.03) for both feet was found. In comparison pre and post measurement we found higher values of parameters COPI and COPEI and that indicates more lateral weight shifting during the last trimester. We can distinctly register extension of D, especially for the left foot (p=0.04). Changes in velocity of COP indicate that MaV was increased for both feet (p=0.00, p=0.00) and MeV was significantly increased only for the right foot (p=0.00) in the 36 week of pregnancy. For the control group, we found no significant changes in COPI, COPEI or COP. MaV and MeV of COP were significantly increased for both feet in the 36 week of pregnancy (p=0.02, p=0.00, p=0.01, p=0.00). Higher values of MaV and MeV indicate that pregnant women accelerated their walking in the 36 week of pregnancy. Further, force-time characteristics in most cases did not reveal statistically significant changes in the last trimester.Conclusion: Over the last three months of pregnancy, significant observable changes can be found, especially through COP parameters of the experimental and the control group. We found out that the specific orthopaedic shoes given to the experimental group influenced the trajectory of COP, which could have positive health aspects. Further, certain conflicting results of our study in comparison with other similar studies only confirm that individual biomechanic and physiological developments in pregnancy affect the kinematic and kinetic aspects of walking differently.Key Words: Center of pressure, pregnancy, gait, feet

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Section: Tabmentioning

confidence: 82%

Assessment of COP characteristics and force-time changes during walking in the third trimester of pregnancy

Mikeska¹,

Zvonař²,

Gimunová³

2020

StS

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“…Physical and mechanical changes associated with pregnancy also are associated significantly with pain, for example, carrying the excess weight of pregnancy is associated with lower back pain or pelvic girdle pain 31,32 and with increased knee and foot pain. 33,34 Many disease states associated with maternal morbidity and mortality are painful or have the potential to exasperate existing pain states. Hemorrhage, cardiovascular and coronary conditions, infection, cardiomyopathy, embolism, preeclampsia and eclampsia, and mental health conditions are the leading causes of death associated with pregnancy in the United States.…”

Section: Pain and Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Need to Consider Pregnancy As a Biological Variable to Reduce Preventable Suffering Related to Pregnancy

Thomas

Bruckheim

White

2021

Journal of Women's Health

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Maternal morbidity and mortality constitute a national health crisis, and pain is a significant component of maternal morbidity. One important way to reduce maternal morbidity is to reduce the pain associated with pregnancy. Unfortunately, our understanding of how to reduce pain in women is hampered because, historically, mostly male subjects have been used in the study of pain. However, more recently, females increasingly have been included in pain research studies, and astounding differences in how males and females process pain have been uncovered. Moreover, pain in nonpregnant women differs in many ways from pain experienced by pregnant women. We argue here that to better address maternal morbidity, we must better address the pain associated with pregnancy. Furthermore, just as it is important to include both men and women in pain research to better understand pain in both sexes, conducting pain research in pregnant women is essential to finding ways to reduce pain in pregnant women.

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“…Previous research into the gait biomechanics of pregnant women referred to kinetic variables, such as ground reaction forces [2,9], kinematics [2,[10][11][12][13], spatiotemporal parameters [9,[14][15][16][17][18][19], and plantar pressure distribution [13,17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. More literature about LBP, posture, and gait changes during pregnancy has been assessed in some interesting reviews [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No significant correlation was observed between LBP and lumbar lordosis [1,29] or lower limb pain and pronated foot posture [30]. A weak correlation was also found between foot pain and forefoot contact time but no correlation with plantar pressure [14], whereas higher forces in the midfoot and a broader contact area were correlated to the presence and severity of foot pain [25]. Reported results can be used to understand the musculoskeletal dysfunctions of pregnant women to design exercises for the preventive and rehabilitative treatment of pain [31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the three visits, participants were asked to rate their perceived low back pain with a numeric rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 9 (where 0 represents no pain at all and 9 is the worst pain imaginable) [41]. Then, the subjects were binarily categorized: those who rated it 0 were categorized in the no-pain group and the rest in the pain group [25,30,42]. After that, participants were provided with the same model of sports shoes with the instrumented insoles included.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Plantar Pressure Changes and Their Relationships with Low Back Pain during Pregnancy Using Instrumented Insoles

et al. 2019

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Low back pain affects around 50% of pregnant women and presents significant morbidity and persistence for years in 20% of postpartum women who report that pain. Numerous studies have documented gait alterations during pregnancy and postpartum. Therefore, an analysis of the relationship between certain gait parameters and low back pain was attempted using low-cost validated instrumented insoles. This work presents a longitudinal cohort study carried out during routine gynecological follow-up visits in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy at an Obstetrics and Gynecology Service. Sample size was 62. Plantar pressure data were collected with specially designed instrumented insoles containing four force sensors to measure peak pressure, center of pressure, and stance phase time in each foot and in each pregnancy trimester. The analysis was carried out on a two-dimensional level, simultaneously considering the data from both feet using Hotelling’s T2 test. This longitudinal study detected relationships between certain gait parameter changes and low back pain during pregnancy. It revealed a cyclic tendency of low back pain prevalence with a maximum in the second trimester and a decrease in the third trimester, which was correlated with alterations of the pregnant gait: excessive foot pronation and rearfoot pressure increase.

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Relation between foot pain and plantar pressure in pregnancy

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Assessment of COP characteristics and force-time changes during walking in the third trimester of pregnancy

Assessment of COP characteristics and force-time changes during walking in the third trimester of pregnancy

The Need to Consider Pregnancy As a Biological Variable to Reduce Preventable Suffering Related to Pregnancy

Plantar Pressure Changes and Their Relationships with Low Back Pain during Pregnancy Using Instrumented Insoles

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