Relating Xylem Cavitation to Gas  Exchange in Cotton

Gitz, Dennis C.; Baker, Jeffrey T.; Lascano, Robert J.

doi:10.4236/ajps.2015.611174

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 40 publications

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“…Diurnally-varied meteorological conditions exhibit considerable additional variability on the order of minutes, such as scattered cloud cover [17]. Changes in plant water status through the day result in differences in the stomatal limitation of transpiration [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrapolation of Leaf Measurements to Obtain the Whole-Canopy Transpiration of C3 and C4 Xerophytic Shrubs

Jin

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Water

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Quantifying the water balance within areas with sparse vegetation requires frequent measurement of transpiration in water-limited, arid, desert ecosystems. Field experiments were conducted in Shapotou, northwestern China, to examine the feasibility of up-scaling the transpiration of C 3 and C 4 xerophytic shrubs (Reaumuria soongorica and Salsola passerina, respectively) from the leaf to the canopy level throughout the growing season in 2015. The large weighing lysimeter method and LI-6400XT portable photosynthesis system were used to make relatively long-term measurements of transpiration. The results indicated that meteorological factors coupled with stomatal conductance affected the transpiration rate of the two shrubs at the leaf level, and that the vapor pressure deficit other than net radiation and the air temperature affected the transpiration rate of S. passerina at the canopy level. Precipitation and vegetation characteristics determined the transpiration amount of the C 3 and C 4 xerophytic shrubs. The leaf gas exchange measurements were arithmetically scaled up to the canopy level based on the leaf area. The validity of the extrapolation was evaluated by comparing the upscale values of transpiration with the calculated values obtained from lysimeter measurement. The up-scaling approach accurately (±0.005 mm h −1 , RMSE = 35%) obtained canopy transpiration from the leaf measurements. Our study suggests that the up-scaling method based on leaf area can be adopted to determine the canopy transpiration of C 3 and C 4 xerophytic shrubs in arid desert environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrapolation of Leaf Measurements to Obtain the Whole-Canopy Transpiration of C3 and C4 Xerophytic Shrubs

Jin

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Water

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Root anatomy and soil resource capture

et al. 2021

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Background Suboptimal water and nutrient availability are primary constraints in global agriculture. Root anatomy plays key roles in soil resource acquisition. In this article we summarize evidence that root anatomical phenotypes present opportunities for crop breeding. Scope Root anatomical phenotypes influence soil resource acquisition by regulating the metabolic cost of soil exploration, exploitation of the rhizosphere, the penetration of hard soil domains, the axial and radial transport of water, and interactions with soil biota including mycorrhizal fungi, pathogens, insects, and the rhizosphere microbiome. For each of these topics we provide examples of anatomical phenotypes which merit attention as selection targets for crop improvement. Several cross-cutting issues are addressed including the importance of phenotypic plasticity, integrated phenotypes, C sequestration, in silico modeling, and novel methods to phenotype root anatomy including image analysis tools. Conclusions An array of anatomical phenes have substantial importance for the acquisition of water and nutrients. Substantial phenotypic variation exists in crop germplasm. New tools and methods are making it easier to phenotype root anatomy, determine its genetic control, and understand its utility for plant fitness. Root anatomical phenotypes are underutilized yet attractive breeding targets for the development of the efficient, resilient crops urgently needed in global agriculture.

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Drought resistance of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is promoted by early stomatal closure and leaf shedding

Smith

Choat

et al. 2020

Functional Plant Biol.

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Water relations have been well documented in tree species, but relatively little is known about the hydraulic characteristics of crops. Here, we report on the hydraulic strategy of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Leaf gas exchange and in vivo embolism formation were monitored simultaneously on plants that were dried down in situ under controlled environment conditions, and xylem vulnerability to embolism of leaves, stems and roots was measured using intact plants. Water potential inducing 50% embolised vessels (P50) in leaves was significantly higher (less negative) than P50 of stems and roots, suggesting that leaves were the most vulnerable organ to embolism. Furthermore, the water potential generating stomatal closure (Pgs) was higher than required to generate embolism formation, and complete stomatal closure always preceded the onset of embolism with declining soil water content. Although protracted drought resulted in massive leaf shedding, stem embolism remained minimal even after ~90% leaf area was lost. Overall, cotton maintained hydraulic integrity during long-term drought stress through early stomatal closure and leaf shedding, thus exhibiting a drought avoidance strategy. Given that water potentials triggering xylem embolism are uncommon under field conditions, cotton is unlikely to experience hydraulic dysfunction except under extreme climates. Results of this study provide physiological evidence for drought resistance in cotton with regard to hydraulics, and may provide guidance in developing irrigation schedules during periods of water shortage.

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Relating Xylem Cavitation to Gas Exchange in Cotton

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Extrapolation of Leaf Measurements to Obtain the Whole-Canopy Transpiration of C3 and C4 Xerophytic Shrubs

Extrapolation of Leaf Measurements to Obtain the Whole-Canopy Transpiration of C3 and C4 Xerophytic Shrubs

Root anatomy and soil resource capture

Drought resistance of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is promoted by early stomatal closure and leaf shedding

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