In the past 2 decades, both the professional and popular literatures have noted an increased interest in the role of the father. Formerly restricted to being breadwinners, men are learning that they can find much satisfaction as fathers, and it is not uncommon to see fathers awarded primary custody when a divorce occurs (Robinson & Barret, 1986). The newest development in this trend is the many gay men who are now choosing to be more active and more visible as fathers. The old notion that being gay and a father was impossible has changed along with the increased visibility and diversity of gay communities. And today, there is a growing realization that gay men make good fathers too (Barret & Robinson, 1990).In the past, most of the gay fathers who participated in research studies were men who had become fathers through marriage. They had their children primarily while living heterosexual lifestyles and either continued to parent through joint-custody arrangements or by remaining in the closet.Recently, more and more gay men who have never married are choosing to become fathers. As gay communities mature in major metropolitan areas, the notion that men who have exclusively self-identified as gay can be effective parents is becoming more widespread. Some gay men have served as adoptive parents or foster parents to babies with HIV. Also, as social service workers become more familiar with gay men's parenting skills and the stable home lives they provide, adoption of healthy children has be-257