Relating the spatial variability of chemical weathering and erosion to geological and topographical zones

Derakhshan-Babaei, Farzaneh; Nosrati, Kazem; Tikhomirov, Dmitry; Christl, Marcus; Sadough, Hassan; Egli, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107235

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…In general, the weathering indices indicate incipient to moderate chemical alteration 47 . This pattern corresponds to relatively young soils or soils having a fast turnover rate due to erosion and, thus, a low residence time for soil particles 48 . With its high soil erosion rates, the exposed ridge (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil weathering dynamics and erosion in a dry oceanic area of the southern hemisphere (Otago, New Zealand)

Raab

Egli

Norton

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Landscape evolution is driven by tectonics, climate and surface denudation. In New Zealand, tectonics and steep climatic gradients cause a dynamic landscape with intense chemical weathering, rapid soil formation, and high soil losses. In this study, soil, and elemental redistribution along two adjacent hillslopes in East Otago, New Zealand, having different landscape settings (ridge versus valley) are compared to identify soil weathering and erosion dynamics. Fallout radionuclides (239+240Pu) show that over the last ~ 60 years, average soil erosion rates in the valley (~ 260 [t km−2 year−1]) are low compared to the ridge (~ 990 [t km−2 year−1]). The ridge yields up to 26% lower soil weathering intensity than the topographical-protected valley. The lowest soil weathering intensity is found at both hilltop positions, where tors (residual rocks) are present and partially disintegrate. The soil weathering intensity increases with distance from tors, suggesting that tors rejuvenate the chemical weathering signature at the hilltop positions with fresh material. The inversed and decreasing weathering degree with all soil depth indicates that the fresh mineral contribution must be higher at the soil surface than at the bedrock weathering front. Higher erosion rates at the exposed ridge may be partially attributed to wind, consistent with rock abrasion of tors, and low local river sediment yields (56 [t km−2 year−1]). Thus, the East Otago spatial patterns of soil chemistry and erosion are governed by tor degradation and topographic exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil weathering dynamics and erosion in a dry oceanic area of the southern hemisphere (Otago, New Zealand)

Raab

Egli

Norton

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…As a result, there was a more important input of Blue Nile sediments compared to the White Nile, the sediment load of which was trapped in Sudanese lakes and marshes (Garzanti et al, 2015). According to Derakhshan-Babaei et al (2020), the river sediments consist predominantly of weathered topsoil material, but a combination of altitude and slope in the Ethiopian Highland could have stimulated erosion in the catchment. Most probably, the erosion itself prevented long-lasting soil development because of limited weathering conditions (Johnsson, 1993; Garzanti et al, 2015), which eventually could be reflected in high values of the weathering indices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution insight into the Holocene environmental history of the Burullus Lagoon in northern Nile delta, Egypt

et al. 2021

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The modern Nile delta developed in the Middle and Late Holocene, and at its most northern-central point is situated at the Burullus Lagoon, which is environmentally diverse, including salt marshes, mudflats, and sand plains, and separated from a sea by a sand barrier overtopped with high sand dunes. The lagoon has been fed since the Middle Holocene by the Sebennitic branch of the Nile and marine intrusions through the Bughaz inlet. A sediment core (BO-1) was collected at the northeastern shore of the lagoon and sampled at centennial scale resolution in order to reconstruct the development of the lagoon. The results show that an initial and limited lagoon had developed at the end of the Early Holocene, but after a dry period ca. 7.2 cal ka BP it has been progressively transformed into a marshy area, with occasional inflows of sea water. Lower water level and higher salinity of the Burullus Lagoon at 6.0–5.5 and 4.8–4.2 cal ka BP reflected droughts in the Nile catchment. Thereafter, the river reactivated in the Burullus Lagoon area, and since 2.8 cal ka BP was accompanied by occasional inflows of sea water. Since ca. 0.8 cal ka BP, increased fluvial activity occurred in this part of the Nile delta, which terminated after construction of the Aswan dams in the twentieth century.

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“…В таблице 2 представлены результаты лабораторных и полевых исследований структурного элювия, распространенного на разных типах рельефа. Коэффициент трещинной пустотности К тр рассчитывался в соответствии с формулой (12) где s -суммарная площадь пустотности на участке, S -площадь всего участка.…”

Section: экспериментальная частьunclassified

“…Анализ имеющейся литературы показал, что существующие исследования имеют два вектора направленности. Некоторые исследователи связывают практическую оценки суффозионной опасности с поиском закономерностей параметров выветривания от различных факторов [12], другие -изучают влияние процессов выветривания на развитие неблагоприятных факторов для проектирования и строительства, не оценивая количественно изменения физико-механических свой ств самих элювиальных грунтов [17].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Characteristics of the Suffosion Hazard of the Territory of the Bugulma Plateau of the Bugulma-Belebey Upland

Latypov¹,

Garaeva²,

Luneva³

2022

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This work is devoted to the studies of the territory, located in the south-eastern part of the Republic of Tatarstan. Despite the high anthropogenic development of the territory (several large cities are located in this part of the Republic of Tatarstan, several oil fields are being developed, a number of large industrial plants operate), the engineering and geological study is significantly inferior to the western and central parts of the Republic of Tatarstan.This is due to the wide spread of eluvial soils in this part of the territory, which everywhere come out on the daytime surface and are the basis of the foundations of buildings and structures. Except the high degree of diversity of physical and mechanical properties, as in area so in depth rates, these soils have a high degree of suffosion instability.This creates serious problems while design of the bases of buildings and structures composed of eluvial soils. Another problem is created by the fact that anthropogenic development of territories contributes to a significant activation of suffosionprocesses, and can lead to serious deformations of the foundations of buildings and structures.The purpose of the performed studies was to conduct a comprehensive engineering and geological assessment of eluvial soils with the identification of types of new weathering crusts, as well as an assessment of the suffusion danger of the Bugulma plateau territory, taking into account the parameters of fracturing and suffosion stability of soils.The authors present the results of the typification of laboratory studies, the main physical and mechanical properties, mineral composition and spatial patterns of the distribution of suffusion dangerous soils on the territory of the Bugulma plateau of the Bugulma-Belebey upland.Lithological varieties of eluvial soils are identified all forms of weathering crust in the studied area are described in detail. Based on spatial analysis in the ArcMap 10.8 software environment, a map of geological and geomorphological processes of the Bugulma plateau territory was constructed, karst-suffusion processes were classified according to geological, geomorphological, hydrogeological conditions in accordance with the types of geological environment.The assessment of the suffosion danger of soils of the studied territory was carried out, the parameters of fracturing and suffosion stability were calculated. It is established that all the differences of structureless eluvium developed in the upper part of the geological cross section within the studied territory are potentially suffosion-unstable. The calculations of suffosion damage have shown that studied area in terms of the intensity of Failure formation belongs mainly to moderately dangerous, and in river valleys and terraces deposit of large rivers like Ik, Sheshma, StepnoyZay — to moderately dangerous. The results will be useful both for making preliminary design decisions on undeveloped territories and for predicting the development of unfavorable engineering and geological processes on the areas of existing buildings and structures.

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Relating the spatial variability of chemical weathering and erosion to geological and topographical zones

Cited by 28 publications

References 96 publications

Soil weathering dynamics and erosion in a dry oceanic area of the southern hemisphere (Otago, New Zealand)

Soil weathering dynamics and erosion in a dry oceanic area of the southern hemisphere (Otago, New Zealand)

High-resolution insight into the Holocene environmental history of the Burullus Lagoon in northern Nile delta, Egypt

Characteristics of the Suffosion Hazard of the Territory of the Bugulma Plateau of the Bugulma-Belebey Upland

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