Relating structural and functional brainstem connectivity to disease measures in epilepsy

Englot, Dario J.; González, Hernán F J; Reynolds, Bryson B.; Konrad, Peter E.; Jacobs, Monica; Gore, John C.; Landman, Bennett A.; Morgan, Victoria L.

doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000005733

Cited by 51 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…17 Marked decreases in diffusion tensor imaging structural connectivity between these three ARAS nuclei and the neocortex were also noted in patients versus controls. 17 Importantly, decreases in fMRI functional connectivity between ARAS nuclei and frontoparietal neocortex were associated with worse performance in attention, cognitive processing speed, and executive function, along with other domains such as verbal and visuospatial memory. 16 We also noted relationships between higher frequency of consciousness-impairing seizures and greater magnitude of both ARAS functional 16 and structural connectivity 17 impairments.…”

Section: Perturbation Of Subcortical Vigilance Net Work S In Mtlementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Overall, mean ARAS connectivity was significantly lower in mTLE patients than controls, and the greatest connectivity perturbations were observed in the cuneiform/subcuneiform nuclear complex, PPN, and VTA . Across the brain, the largest decreases in functional connectivity seeded from ARAS in mTLE patients were found in frontoparietal association neocortex, posterior temporal cortex, and insula (Figure ) . Marked decreases in diffusion tensor imaging structural connectivity between these three ARAS nuclei and the neocortex were also noted in patients versus controls .…”

Section: Interictal Connectivity Perturbation Of Subcortical Vigilancmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Across the brain, the largest decreases in functional connectivity seeded from ARAS in mTLE patients were found in frontoparietal association neocortex, posterior temporal cortex, and insula (Figure ) . Marked decreases in diffusion tensor imaging structural connectivity between these three ARAS nuclei and the neocortex were also noted in patients versus controls . Importantly, decreases in fMRI functional connectivity between ARAS nuclei and frontoparietal neocortex were associated with worse performance in attention, cognitive processing speed, and executive function, along with other domains such as verbal and visuospatial memory .…”

Section: Interictal Connectivity Perturbation Of Subcortical Vigilancmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Data represent t tests in 26 patients versus 26 matched controls (parametric cluster threshold level P < .01, with false discovery rate correction of multiple comparisons to reduce the false‐positive rate). Modified with permission from Englot et al…”

Section: Interictal Connectivity Perturbation Of Subcortical Vigilancmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mTLE patients and rodent models of limbic seizures, our group and other collaborators previously demonstrated network alterations involving subcortical brain structures important for vigilance regulation, and have found relationships between these network changes and neuropsychological deficits . In general, these “subcortical activating structures” may refer to nuclei in the brainstem ascending reticular activating system (ARAS), the basal forebrain region including nucleus basalis, the intralaminar thalamic nuclei, the pulvinar, and the posterior hypothalamus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impaired vigilance networks in temporal lobe epilepsy: Mechanisms and clinical implications

2020

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Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a neurological disorder in which patients suffer from frequent consciousness‐impairing seizures, broad neurocognitive deficits, and diminished quality of life. Although seizures in mTLE originate focally in the hippocampus or amygdala, mTLE patients demonstrate cognitive deficits that extend beyond temporal lobe function—such as decline in executive function, cognitive processing speed, and attention—as well as diffuse decreases in neocortical metabolism and functional connectivity. Given prior observations that mTLE patients exhibit impairments in vigilance, and that seizures may disrupt the activity and long‐range connectivity of subcortical brain structures involved in vigilance regulation, we propose that subcortical activating networks underlying vigilance play a critical role in mediating the widespread neural and cognitive effects of focal mTLE. Here, we review evidence for impaired vigilance in mTLE, examine clinical implications and potential network underpinnings, and suggest neuroimaging strategies for determining the relationship between vigilance, brain connectivity, and neurocognition in patients and healthy controls.

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Section: Perturbation Of Subcortical Vigilance Net Work S In Mtlementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Interictal Connectivity Perturbation Of Subcortical Vigilancmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Interictal Connectivity Perturbation Of Subcortical Vigilancmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Interictal Connectivity Perturbation Of Subcortical Vigilancmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Impaired vigilance networks in temporal lobe epilepsy: Mechanisms and clinical implications

2020

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Structural connectivity of autonomic, pain, limbic, and sensory brainstem nuclei in living humans based on 7 Tesla and 3 Tesla MRI

Singh

García‐Gomar

Staab

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

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Autonomic, pain, limbic, and sensory processes are mainly governed by the central nervous system, with brainstem nuclei as relay centers for these crucial functions.Yet, the structural connectivity of brainstem nuclei in living humans remains understudied. These tiny structures are difficult to locate using conventional in vivo MRI, and ex vivo brainstem nuclei atlases lack precise and automatic transformability to in vivo images. To fill this gap, we mapped our recently developed probabilistic brainstem nuclei atlas developed in living humans to high-spatial resolution (1.7 mm isotropic) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) at 7 Tesla in 20 healthy participants.To demonstrate clinical translatability, we also acquired 3 Tesla DWI with conventional resolution (2.5 mm isotropic) in the same participants. Results showed the structural connectome of 15 autonomic, pain, limbic, and sensory (including vestibular) brainstem nuclei/nuclei complex (superior/inferior colliculi, ventral tegmental area-parabrachial pigmented, microcellular tegmental-parabigeminal, lateral/medial parabrachial, vestibular, superior olivary, superior/inferior medullary reticular formation, viscerosensory motor, raphe magnus/pallidus/obscurus, parvicellular reticular nucleus-alpha part), derived from probabilistic tractography computation. Through Kavita Singh and María Guadalupe García-Gomar equally contributed to this work and share first authorship.

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In vivo structural connectome of arousal and motor brainstem nuclei by 7 Tesla and 3 Tesla MRI

García‐Gomar

Singh

Bianciardi

2022

Human Brain Mapping

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Brainstem nuclei are key participants in the generation and maintenance of arousal, which is a basic function that modulates wakefulness/sleep, autonomic responses, affect, attention, and consciousness. Their mechanism is based on diffuse pathways ascending from the brainstem to the thalamus, hypothalamus, basal forebrain and cortex. Several arousal brainstem nuclei also participate in motor functions that allow humans to respond and interact with the surrounding through a multipathway motor network. Yet, little is known about the structural connectivity of arousal and motor brainstem nuclei in living humans. This is due to the lack of appropriate tools able to accurately visualize brainstem nuclei in conventional imaging. Using a recently developed in vivo probabilistic brainstem nuclei atlas and 7 Tesla diffusion‐weighted images (DWI), we built the structural connectome of 18 arousal and motor brainstem nuclei in living humans ( n = 19). Furthermore, to investigate the translatability of our findings to standard clinical MRI, we acquired 3 Tesla DWI on the same subjects, and measured the association of the connectome across scanners. For both arousal and motor circuits, our results showed high connectivity within brainstem nuclei, and with expected subcortical and cortical structures based on animal studies. The association between 3 Tesla and 7 Tesla connectivity values was good, especially within the brainstem. The resulting structural connectome might be used as a baseline to better understand arousal and motor functions in health and disease in humans.

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Relating structural and functional brainstem connectivity to disease measures in epilepsy

Cited by 51 publications

References 32 publications

Impaired vigilance networks in temporal lobe epilepsy: Mechanisms and clinical implications

Impaired vigilance networks in temporal lobe epilepsy: Mechanisms and clinical implications

Structural connectivity of autonomic, pain, limbic, and sensory brainstem nuclei in living humans based on 7 Tesla and 3 Tesla MRI

In vivo structural connectome of arousal and motor brainstem nuclei by 7 Tesla and 3 Tesla MRI

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