“…For all the DES successfully used as the electrolyte for the viologen derivatives, a well-defined electron transfer at approximately 0 V is observed in both cathodic and anodic back scans, and this could be related to an oxidation process that does not lead to a color change or an adsorption process at the electrode surface. − …”
The
development of chloride free Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) based
on lithium acetate, triflate, bistriflimide, and sodium triflate combined
with glycerol, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol (PEG400) as
suitable electrolytes was successfully applied in electrochromic devices
(ECD). Reversible ECD incorporating selected DES as electrolyte and
bipyridinium as electrochromic probes displayed a comparable performance
to conventional systems, with slower transition times (2.5 times),
improving the coloration contrast and efficiency (147.1 cm2. C−1 at 520 nm) and was stable for at least 1250
redox cycles.
“…For all the DES successfully used as the electrolyte for the viologen derivatives, a well-defined electron transfer at approximately 0 V is observed in both cathodic and anodic back scans, and this could be related to an oxidation process that does not lead to a color change or an adsorption process at the electrode surface. − …”
The
development of chloride free Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) based
on lithium acetate, triflate, bistriflimide, and sodium triflate combined
with glycerol, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol (PEG400) as
suitable electrolytes was successfully applied in electrochromic devices
(ECD). Reversible ECD incorporating selected DES as electrolyte and
bipyridinium as electrochromic probes displayed a comparable performance
to conventional systems, with slower transition times (2.5 times),
improving the coloration contrast and efficiency (147.1 cm2. C−1 at 520 nm) and was stable for at least 1250
redox cycles.
“…Normally, the spikes at low frequency regions are signified by CPE, which are in series with equivalent circuit elements. Other researchers have also used EECs to illustrate the Bode and impedance plots [44,45]. Clearly with rising temperature as shown in Figure 5 the charge transfer resistance dropped.…”
In the current paper, ion transport parameters in poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) based solid polymer electrolyte were examined using Trukhan model successfully. The desired amount of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3) was dissolved in PVA host polymer to synthesis of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). Ion transport parameters such as mobility (μ), diffusion coefficient (D), and charge carrier number density (n) are investigated in detail using impedance spectroscopy. The data results from impedance plots illustrated a decrement of bulk resistance with an increase in temperature. Using electrical equivalent circuits (EEC), electrical impedance plots (ZivsZr) are fitted at various temperatures. The results of impedance study demonstrated that the resistivity of the sample decreases with increasing temperature. The decrease of resistance or impedance with increasing temperature distinguished from Bode plots. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss values increased with an increase in temperature. The loss tangent peaks shifted to higher frequency region and the intensity increased with an increase in temperature. In this contribution, ion transport as a complicated subject in polymer physics is studied. The conductivity versus reciprocal of temperature was found to obey Arrhenius behavior type. The ion transport mechanism is discussed from the tanδ spectra. The ion transport parameters at ambient temperature are found to be 9 × 10−8 cm2/s, 0.8 × 1017 cm−3, and 3 × 10−6 cm2/Vs for D, n, andμ respectively. All these parameters have shown increasing as temperature increased. The electric modulus parameters are studied in an attempt to understand the relaxation dynamics and to clarify the relaxation process and ion dynamics relationship.
“…The spikes at low frequency regions are usually represented by constant phase elements (CPE) which are in series with equivalent circuit elements. Other researchers used equivalent circuits to interpret the Bode and impedance plots 50 , 51 . Figure 8 Bode plot (phase angle vs frequency) for all the blend electrolyte samples.…”
In this work the role of phase transition of PEO from crystalline to amorphous phases on DC conductivity enhancement in chitosan-based polymer electrolyte was discussed. Silver ion-conducting polymer electrolytes based on chitosan (CS) incorporated with silver nitrate (AgNt) is prepared via solution cast technique. Various amounts of polyethylene oxide (PEO) are added to the CS:AgNt system to prepare blend polymer electrolytes. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry is used to confirm that the blended samples containing AgNt salt exhibit a broad absorption peak. From optical micrograph images it is apparent that small white specs appear on the surface of the samples. The SEM results clearly show the aggregated silver nanoparticles. The enlargement of the crystalline area was observed from the morphological emergence and impedance plots. The phase separation in SEM images was observed at high PEO concentration. The XRD consequences support the morphological manifestation. In this study a new approach is offered to explore the microstructures existing in the blend electrolytes. The width of the semicircle linked to crystalline phase in impedance spectra was found to be increased with the increase of PEO concentration. A slow increase of DC conductivity was observed at low temperatures while above 333 K an immediate change in DC conductivity was obtained. The rapid rise of DC conductivity at high temperatures is correlated with the DSC results and impedance studies at high temperatures.
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