Relating Airway Diameter Distributions to Regular Branching Asymmetry in the Lung

Majumdar, Arnab; Alencar, Adriano M.; Buldyrev, Sergey V.; Hantos, Zoltán; Lutchen, Kenneth R.; Stanley, H. Eugene; Suki, Bélâ

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.168101

Cited by 50 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Bronchial tree asymmetry explains airway diameters in any branching level and can determine air flux in the lung (Horsfield;Majumdar et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchial tree Architecture in Mammals of Diverse Body Mass

Monteiro

Smith

2014

Int. J. Morphol.

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SUMMARY:The anatomy of mammal's lung air space constitutes the bronchial tree which disposition is associated to air flux dynamics. Casts obtained from human, pig and rat lungs were studied to analyze possible differences of the bronchial tree architecture in mammals with diverse dimensions and posture. Air spaces were filled with polymers through trachea followed by acid corrosion. Tracheal and main bronchial division's diameters were measured to relate with body mass using allometry. The results revealed a dichotomic bronchial branching pattern in the human casts and a monopodial pattern in animals. In allometric relationship trachea was larger in rats, then pigs and lastly in humans, differences were statistically significant, the same occurs in right bronchus, as in the left bronchus there was no difference between rat and pig. The linear relationship between the human tracheal diameters was 1.2 times larger than the pig and 6.7 times larger than the rat; the pig tracheal diameter was 5.6 times larger than the rat. Quadruped position of the pig and rat is linked to a horizontal air way while the erect position, biped in human, correspond to a vertical air way. A big mammal shows less respiratory frequency than small mammals. Mammals with small, medium and high body mass allied to diverse posture and habits was compared revealing morphological differences in the bronchial trees as different allometric correlations between quadruped animals and human biped.

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“…Bronchial tree asymmetry explains airway diameters in any branching level and can determine air flux in the lung (Horsfield;Majumdar et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchial tree Architecture in Mammals of Diverse Body Mass

Monteiro

Smith

2014

Int. J. Morphol.

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“…To achieve this, we have constructed a new multibranch numerical model. The novelty of our model is that we have employed a modified version of the regular branching asymmetry model of Majumdar et al [15] to the acinus. With our acinus model, we can create physiologically realistic model acini with the specification of just two parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modelling and Analysis of Peripheral Airway Asymmetry and Ventilation in the Human Adult Lung

Henry

Llapur

Tsuda

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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We present a new one-dimensional model of gas transport in the human adult lung. The model comprises asymmetrically branching airways, and heterogeneous interregional ventilation. Our model differs from previous models in that we consider the asymmetry in both the conducting and the acinar airways in detail. Another novelty of our model is that we use simple analytical relationships to produce physiologically realistic models of the conducting and acinar airway trees. With this new model, we investigate the effects of airway asymmetry and heterogeneous interregional ventilation on the phase III slope in multibreath washouts. The model predicts the experimental trend of the increase in the phase III slope with breath number in multibreath washout studies for nitrogen, SF 6 and helium. We confirm that asymmetrical branching in the acinus controls the magnitude of the first-breath phase III slope and find that heterogeneous interregional ventilation controls the way in which the slope changes with subsequent breaths. Asymmetry in the conducting airways appears to have little effect on the phase III slope. That the increase in slope appears to be largely controlled by interregional ventilation inhomogeneities should be of interest to those wishing to use multibreath washouts to detect the location of the structural abnormalities within the lung.

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“…This approach has applied to the human tracheobronchial tree. According to recent studies, the tracheobronchial tree of the human lung exhibits a systematic branching asymmetry: each parent airway is divided into two daughter airways of different sizes [1].By computing the flow for various asymmetry levels, we show that at inspiration, all extremities are supplied with fresh air provided that the asymmetry is smaller than a critical threshold. Surprisingly, this threshold happens to exactly correspond to the branching asymmetry measured in the human lung.…”

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confidence: 84%

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confidence: 99%

The optimal branching asymmetry of a bidirectional distribution tree

Florens

Sapoval

Filoche

2011

Computer Physics Communications

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Numerous transportation networks in living systems are pulsatile branching trees. Due to the alternating character of the flow, these trees have to simultaneously satisfy two constraints: (1) they have to deliver the carried products in a limited time, (2) they must exhibit a satisfactory aerodynamic performance in both directions of the flow. We report here that introducing a systematic branching asymmetry into a distribution tree improves performance and robustness, both at inspiration and expiration.At inspiration, in a tree of uniform depth, the branching asymmetry allows to reduce the average delivery time of the products. When the terminal branches are determined by their sizes, the branching asymmetry increases the robustness against the unavoidable variability of sizes related to morphogenesis. This approach has applied to the human tracheobronchial tree. According to recent studies, the tracheobronchial tree of the human lung exhibits a systematic branching asymmetry: each parent airway is divided into two daughter airways of different sizes [1].By computing the flow for various asymmetry levels, we show that at inspiration, all extremities are supplied with fresh air provided that the asymmetry is smaller than a critical threshold. Surprisingly, this threshold happens to exactly correspond to the branching asymmetry measured in the human lung. This could indicate that the structure is adjusted at the maximum asymmetry level that allows to feed all terminal units with fresh air.At expiration, the flow pattern in the tree is the result a complex interplay between its geometrical structure and the applied pressure distribution. When the airways are collapsible, this system exhibits during forced expira-1

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Relating Airway Diameter Distributions to Regular Branching Asymmetry in the Lung

Cited by 50 publications

References 10 publications

Bronchial tree Architecture in Mammals of Diverse Body Mass

Bronchial tree Architecture in Mammals of Diverse Body Mass

Numerical Modelling and Analysis of Peripheral Airway Asymmetry and Ventilation in the Human Adult Lung

The optimal branching asymmetry of a bidirectional distribution tree

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