“…Plants have different specific responses to the interference by allelochemicals, which may act at various organisational levels, resulting in morphological adaptations and biochemical responses related to defence mechanisms and resource allocation (Yamawo ). Allelochemicals have been proved to affect germination and respiration (Abrahim et al .…”
Senna occidentalis is an invasive plant producing a series of allelochemicals that might inhibit the development of other plants. The objective of this study was to assess the phytotoxic effect of S. occidentalis extracts on the germination, development and antioxidant defence of the native species Tabebuia chrysotricha, T. pentaphylla, T. roseoalba and Handroanthus impetiginosus (Ipê species).• We evaluated the effects of chemicals extracted from S. occidentalis on the germination rate, germination speed index (GSI) and biometric parameters of the test species under controlled conditions. The effect of the extracts on the pigment content, amount of H 2 O 2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in roots and leaves were also tested.• Alkaloids, coumarins, phenols, saponins, free steroids and condensed tannins were present in all extracts of S. occidentalis, while catechins were present only in leaf and stem extracts. Stem and root extracts caused a growth reduction in all Ipê species and total inhibition of seed germination in T. chrysotricha and T. roseoalba. All target species showed an increase in H 2 O 2 and MDA in radicles and leaves. Oxidative stress contributed strongly to the morphological changes, such as seed blackening, thinning and darkening of radicle tips and reduction of biomass allocation in all Ipê species.
“…Plants have different specific responses to the interference by allelochemicals, which may act at various organisational levels, resulting in morphological adaptations and biochemical responses related to defence mechanisms and resource allocation (Yamawo ). Allelochemicals have been proved to affect germination and respiration (Abrahim et al .…”
Senna occidentalis is an invasive plant producing a series of allelochemicals that might inhibit the development of other plants. The objective of this study was to assess the phytotoxic effect of S. occidentalis extracts on the germination, development and antioxidant defence of the native species Tabebuia chrysotricha, T. pentaphylla, T. roseoalba and Handroanthus impetiginosus (Ipê species).• We evaluated the effects of chemicals extracted from S. occidentalis on the germination rate, germination speed index (GSI) and biometric parameters of the test species under controlled conditions. The effect of the extracts on the pigment content, amount of H 2 O 2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in roots and leaves were also tested.• Alkaloids, coumarins, phenols, saponins, free steroids and condensed tannins were present in all extracts of S. occidentalis, while catechins were present only in leaf and stem extracts. Stem and root extracts caused a growth reduction in all Ipê species and total inhibition of seed germination in T. chrysotricha and T. roseoalba. All target species showed an increase in H 2 O 2 and MDA in radicles and leaves. Oxidative stress contributed strongly to the morphological changes, such as seed blackening, thinning and darkening of radicle tips and reduction of biomass allocation in all Ipê species.
“…Plants exhibit altered competitive and defense abilities in response to specific interference. Competition or competitive behaviors can also affect the plant at various organizational levels resulting in morphological responses (plant growth), biochemical responses (plant defense) and resource allocation (Novoplansky, 2009 ; Yamawo, 2015 ). A better understanding of these phenotypic responses is then critical to better manage vegetation composition and dynamics.…”
In contrast to plant-animal interactions, the conceptual framework regarding the impact of secondary metabolites in mediating plant-plant interference is currently less well defined. Here, we address hypotheses about the role of chemically-mediated plant-plant interference (i.e., allelopathy) as a driver of Mediterranean forest dynamics. Growth and defense abilities of a pioneer (Pinus halepensis) and a late-successional (Quercus pubescens) Mediterranean forest species were evaluated under three different plant interference conditions: (i) allelopathy simulated by application of aqueous needle extracts of Pinus, (ii) resource competition created by the physical presence of a neighboring species (Pinus or Quercus), and (iii) a combination of both allelopathy and competition. After 24 months of experimentation in simulated field conditions, Quercus was more affected by plant interference treatments than was Pinus, and a hierarchical response to biotic interference (allelopathy < competition < allelopathy + competition) was observed in terms of relative impact on growth and plant defense. Both species modulated their respective metabolic profiles according to plant interference treatment and thus their inherent chemical defense status, resulting in a physiological trade-off between plant growth and production of defense metabolites. For Quercus, an increase in secondary metabolite production and a decrease in plant growth were observed in all treatments. In contrast, this trade-off in Pinus was only observed in competition and allelopathy + competition treatments. Although Pinus and Quercus expressed differential responses when subjected to a single interference condition, either allelopathy or competition, species responses were similar or positively correlated when strong interference conditions (allelopathy + competition) were imposed.
“…While intraspecific competition occurs at all stages of community development, interspecific competition among species with different physiological and functional responses is prominent and inevitable during the primary succession (Walker and Moral, 2009). Intra-and interspecific competition can affect plants at various organizational levels, consequently resulting in morphological responses and changes in resource allocation (Novoplansky, 2009;Yamawo, 2015). Recent studies have indicated that intra-and interspecific competition may lead to substantial changes in photosynthetic capacity (Poorter et al, 2012), phosphorus (P) absorption (Müller and Bartelheimer, 2013) and water use efficiency (δ 13 C) (Duan et al, 2014), which in turn facilitate the optimization of plants' performance and affect their competitive status in various environments.…”
Head title: Phosphorus affects later stages of primary succession Highlights • Intra-and interspecific competition experiments were conducted in A. fabri and P. brachytyla. • P fertilization changes the competitive outcomes in these two conifer species. • P plays an important role in determining asymmetric competition patterns. • P availability causes a shift in the dominant species during interspecific competition. • P affects the later stages of primary succession in the Hailuogou glacier retreat area.
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