Relatedness of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of simian herpesvirus virions and infected cells to specific HSV glycoproteins

Abstract

The antigenic relatedness of the surface glycoprotein antigens of six herpesviruses indigenous to human and nonhuman primates was examined. Binding of anti-viral sera to viral antigens expressed on the surface of infected cells demonstrated that the surface antigens of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1), HSV 2, simian agent 8 (SA8), and Herpesvirus simiae (B virus) exhibit extensive cross-reactivity. Surface antigens of two viruses isolated from South American primates, H. saimiri 1 (HVS 1) and H. ateles 1 (HVA 1), were comparatively more virus-specific in their antigenic reactivity. Endpoint neutralization tests performed in the presence and absence of complement confirmed these results. Immunoprecipitation of viral proteins was used to identify those representing cross-reactive surface antigens. A glycoprotein of approximately 110,000-125,000 Daltons (110-125 k) was immunoprecipitated from cells infected with each of the six primate herpesvirus by antisera to each of the viruses. Using monospecific antisera, these glycoproteins were shown to be antigenically related to the gB glycoproteins of HSV. Although these glycoproteins were antigenically conserved among all six viruses, antibodies to the gB glycoproteins did not cross-neutralize heterologous viruses. A glycoprotein of approximately 60-70 k was precipitated from HSV 1, HSV 2, SA8, and B virus infected cells by antisera to each of these four viruses. These SA8 and B virus glycoproteins were shown to be antigenically related to the gD glycoproteins of HSV 1 and HSV 2 and to be involved in cross-neutralization among these viruses. Antisera to HVS 1 and HVA 1 did not recognize these gD glycoproteins nor was a glycoprotein of similar molecular weight precipitable from HVS 1 or HVA 1 infected cells by antisera to the other four viruses. Southern blot hybridizations using probes for HSV glycoprotein genes confirmed the conservation of the gB glycoproteins among all the simian viruses and of the gD gene in SA8 and B virus. A glycoprotein of approximately 75-80 k was, however, precipitated from HVS 1 and HVA 1 infected cells by antisera to either of these two viruses. In addition, at least one glycoprotein which appeared to be predominantly virus-specific in its reactivity was identified for five of the viruses.

Sequence and Genetic Arrangement of the USRegion of the Monkey B Virus (Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 1) Genome and Comparison with the USRegions of Other Primate Herpesviruses

“…Such highly conserved regions undoubtedly represent important structural and/or functional regions of these proteins, indicating that these proteins have structures and functions similar to those of their HSV homologs. This is also consistent with the extensive antigenic cross-reactivity observed between almost all HSV, SA8, HVP-2, and BV proteins (10,12,17). Finally, genotypic sequence variation among BV isolates was minimal in nonglycoproteins but readily evident in the glycoproteins except for the conserved gD glycoprotein.…”

“…When transmitted to nonmacaque primates, BV produces severe infections which usually involve the central nervous system and are frequently fatal (31,37,38). The molecular basis for the extreme neuropathology of BV in nonmacaque species is an intriguing question that remains unanswered.While sequences for a number of genes of BV have been reported (3,9,23,34,35,37), genomic characterization of BV has largely been limited to restriction analysis and gene mapping by hybridization with HSV gene probes (10,16,17). Such studies have suggested that, for the most part, the BV genome is colinear with that of HSV.…”

“…While sequences for a number of genes of BV have been reported (3,9,23,34,35,37), genomic characterization of BV has largely been limited to restriction analysis and gene mapping by hybridization with HSV gene probes (10,16,17). Such studies have suggested that, for the most part, the BV genome is colinear with that of HSV.…”

Specific Detection and Identification of Herpes B Virus by a PCR-Microplate Hybridization Assay

“…Stress induces reactivation of the viruses from the latent state, resulting in shedding of infectious viruses from mucosal tissue (14,35). In addition, herpes B virus shows strong serological cross-reactivity with HSV (5,18). The genetic arrangement is almost identical between herpes B virus and HSV (8,21,22,25), and the nucleotide sequences of the herpes B virus genes have been reported to show high homology with the corresponding HSV genes (1,21,22,25).…”

Conserved domains of glycoprotein B (gB) of the monkey virus, simian agent 8, identified by comparison with herpesvirus gBs

“…SA8, herpes simplex virus (HSV), B virus (which is indigenous to the rhesus monkey) and bovine herpesvirus 2 (BHV-2) (the causative agent of bovine herpes mamillitis) show identical genome structure, nucleotide sequence similarities and antigenic cross-reactivity (Desrosiers & Falk, 1981;Eberle et al, 1989;Hammerschmidt et al, 1988;Honess, 1984;Ludwig et al, 1983;Malherbe & Harwin, 1958;Sterz et al, 1973/74;Stevens et al, 1968). Based on these common features, these viruses were grouped to form the Simplexvirus genus (Brown, 1986;Roizman et al, 1981).…”