Related factors and prevalence of Parkinson’s disease among Uygur residents in Hetian, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Xl, Yang; Luo, Qiong; Hx, Song; Yl, Wang; Yn, Yao; Xia, Hesheng

doi:10.4238/2015.july.31.1

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The association of physical activity and risk of PD has been recently investigated in two Eastern case‐control studies from China. A reduced PD risk was observed in both the studies …”

Section: Analytical Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Oolong tea could have high fermentation and oxidization levels close to black tea, which could explain the discrepancy in findings between the Singapore and Japan studies. Another case‐control study performed amongst the Uygur residents in China, where tea consumption is high, did not find an association between tea consumption and PD risk …”

Section: Analytical Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Japan: 1 study showed that both black tea (OR: 0.58) and Japanese/Chinese tea (OR: 0.59) consumption reduced PD risk 98 and 1 study found no association between tea consumption and PD risk. 48 3 case-control studies performed in USA and Sweden; all showed an overall reduction in RR of PD (RR: 0.31-0.6). 45 Pesticide exposure Cohort studies Nil studies.…”

Section: Case-control Studies 2 Case-control Studies Performed In Chimentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The majority of studies showed an increased risk for PD (RR: 0.75-3.60). 48,50 38 case-control studies. The majority of studies showed an increased risk for PD (RR: 0.8-7.0).…”

Section: Case-control Studies 2 Case-control Studies Performed In Chimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another case-control study performed amongst the Uygur residents in China, where tea consumption is high, did not find an association between tea consumption and PD risk. 48 A unique tea, yerba mate, which is an infusion made from dried, toasted, and milled leaves and stemlets of the Ilex paraguariensis, which is widely consumed in South American countries, was investigated in a case-control study in Argentina and was shown to have a similar risk reduction to conventional tea consumption with an OR of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.54-0.76). 49 Pesticides A recent meta-analysis on the relationship between pesticide use and PD evaluated 39 case-control studies, four cohort studies, and three cross-sectional studies.…”

Section: Teamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease—East Versus West

Abbas

Tan

2017

Movement Disord Clin Pract

128

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Background: The cause of PD at present remains unknown. A number of epidemiological studies have been conducted across the globe to ascertain the disease burden and the possible risk factors. In this review, we analyze the various studies from East and West with an aim to observe the important similarities and differences in the disease occurrence and risk factor profile. Methods: A comprehensive search of descriptive and analytical epidemiological studies was undertaken. The descriptive studies and meta-analysis providing the standardised population rates were selected. The demographics, ethnicity and geographical differences between East and West were analysed. In analytical epidemiology, more established and well-studied non-genetic risk factors for PD were reviewed utilising the prospective cohort studies, case control studies and meta-analysis where available. Results and Conclusion: PD is more common with increasing age and shows male predominance, which is more obvious in Western studies. The PD prevalence and incidence rates are slightly lower in the East compared to the West. Incidence studies on different ethnic populations in the same country have also found a lower occurrence of PD amongst Easterners compared to Westerners. Setting methodological differences aside, studies from East and West suggest a role for both environmental and genetic risk factors in PD causation. Smoking, caffeine intake and pesticide exposure are well-established risk factors across regions. There is a robust data for dairy product consumption, urate levels and physical activity in the West while studies on certain risk factors like head injury and alcohol show conflicting and mixed results.Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and in the majority of cases, its cause remains unknown. Epidemiology refers to the study of distribution and determinants of health related events and their application in the control of diseases. 1In descriptive epidemiology, time, place, and person define the health events; while analytical epidemiology helps to identify and quantify the relationship between exposure and a particular health outcome. 1The epidemiological studies determining race and ethnicity help us to understand the roles of, and interaction between, genetic and environmental factors in disease causation. 2In the present review, we analyze the epidemiological features of PD patients between Western and Eastern countries. The division of East and West is not clear, as the definition varies depending on whether historical, geographical, economic, cultural, or political factors are considered. In this review, we have adopted the cultural definition that considers Asia, and the Middle East as "Eastern" countries; Russia, Europe, the Americas, Australia, and New Zealand as "Western" countries. West studies. In addition, the results of relevant meta-analysis were also discussed.There are a number of PD descriptive epidemiology studies in the literature. The comparison of these studies rem...

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“…The association of physical activity and risk of PD has been recently investigated in two Eastern case‐control studies from China. A reduced PD risk was observed in both the studies …”

Section: Analytical Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Analytical Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Case-control Studies 2 Case-control Studies Performed In Chimentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The majority of studies showed an increased risk for PD (RR: 0.75-3.60). 48,50 38 case-control studies. The majority of studies showed an increased risk for PD (RR: 0.8-7.0).…”

Section: Case-control Studies 2 Case-control Studies Performed In Chimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Teamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease—East Versus West

Abbas

Tan

2017

Movement Disord Clin Pract

128

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Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Parkinson's Disease

Zirra

Rao

Bestwick

et al. 2022

Movement Disord Clin Pract

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Background Parkinson's disease (PD) affects males more than females. The reasons for the gender differences in PD prevalence remain unclear. Objective The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to update the overall male/female prevalence ratios (OPR). Methods We updated previous work by searching MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and OVID for articles reporting PD prevalence for both genders between 2011 and 2021. We calculated OPRs and investigated heterogeneity in effect estimates. Results We included 19 new articles and 13 articles from a previously published meta‐analysis. The OPR was 1.18, 95% CI, [1.03, 1.36]. The OPR was lowest in Asia and appeared to be decreasing over time. Study design, national wealth, and participant age did not explain OPR heterogeneity. Conclusion Gender differences in PD prevalence may not be as stark as previously thought. Studies are needed to understand the role of other determinants of gender differences in PD prevalence.

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