Summary:Case reportA 40-year-old man was diagnosed with AML in January We report an unusual case of a patient who was cured of one autoimmune disease (palmoplantar pustular pso-1992. Bone marrow cytology revealed M6 by the FAB classification with trilineage myelodysplasia. The patient riasis (PPP)) but developed another autoimmune disease (autoimmune thyroiditis) after allogeneic BMT. A 40-went into complete remission following induction chemotherapy with daunorubicin, 6-mercaptopurine, and behenoyl year-old man suffering from AML with PPP underwent allogeneic BMT from his HLA-identical sister for the cytosine arabinoside. After receiving three courses of consolidation chemotherapy, he developed skin lesions on the treatment of AML. The patient experienced complete clearance of the cutaneous PPP despite the cessation of palms and soles ( Figure 1). The skin lesions were diagnosed as PPP by histological examination in February 1993. immunosuppressive therapy for over 2 years. However, he developed hyperthyroidism with anti-thyroglobulin They were treated with combinations of topical corticosteroids and etretinate, but showed only partial response. antibodies 5 months after BMT, although he had showed normal thyroid functions without anti-thyrogloIn November 1993, after myeloablation with BU (16 mg/kg) and CY (120 mg/kg), the patient received an bulin antibodies before BMT. The donor had no history of thyroid diseases and showed normal thyroid funcallogeneic BMT from his HLA-identical younger sister, who did not suffer from PPP. The mixed lymphocyte reactions but was positive for anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. Thus, even when the donor is in a subclinical state, autotion was negative. Although the patient's elder sister had died of hyperthyroidism, his younger sister had no history immune thyroiditis may be transferred from donors to recipients by BMT.of thyroid diseases and showed normal thyroid functions, but was positive for anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. Keywords: autoimmune thyroiditis; palmoplantar pustular psoriasis; bone marrow transplantation; autoimmunity CYA and MTX were used for GVHD prophylaxis. The hematological follow-up showed stable engraftment with complete hematopoietic recovery and sustained complete chimerism. There were no signs of acute GVHD. After his It is well known that the hematopoietic and immune system of recipients is eventually replaced by donor-derived cells after allogeneic BMT. Experimental work in animal models has demonstrated that BMT can be used to treat systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. 1 In humans, the resolution of immune-mediated diseases after BMT has recently been reported. [2][3][4] On the other hand, autoimmune diseases have also been transferred from donors to recipients in both mice 5 and humans 6-8 by BMT. We report the unusual case of a patient who was cured of palmoplantar pustular psoriasis (PPP) but developed autoimmune thyroiditis after allogeneic BMT. This is the first case report in which a pre-existing immune-mediated disease was cured while ...