Relapsing Fever Borreliae in Africa

Elbir, Haitham; Raoult, Didier; Drancourt, Michel

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.12-0691

Cited by 59 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…38 To the best of our knowledge, Borrelia spp., a fastidious bacterium, has for the first time been detected in Gabon, in afebrile children, while the spread of some species such as Borrelia duttonii, Borrelia recurrentis, and Borrelia crocidurae have recently been limited in other sub-Saharan African countries. 15 The biggest problem with the studies previously reported is that they did not use control groups to conclude the fever etiology related to a microorganism. Asymptomatic carriage of some bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, R. felis, and P. falciparum in afebrile people was reported in sub-Saharan Africa countries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…8 Recent studies performed in western sub-Saharan Africa have shown the role of emergent and fastidious bacteria, such as Rickettsia felis, Coxiella burnetii, Tropheryma whipplei, Borrelia crocidurae, and Bartonella spp., as the cause of fever. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Rickettsia felis and Borrelia duttonii were also found in eastern Africa. [16][17][18] Some of them had already been described in Gabon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Detection of Fastidious and Common Bacteria as Well as Plasmodium spp. in Febrile and Afebrile Children in Franceville, Gabon

Mourembou¹,

Fénollar²,

Socolovschi³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Malaria was considered as the main cause of fever in Africa. However, with the roll back malaria initiative, the causes of fever in Africa may change. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of bacteria and Plasmodium spp. in febrile and afebrile (controls) children from Franceville, Gabon. About 793 blood samples from febrile children and 100 from controls were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with sequencing. Plasmodium spp. was the microorganism most detected in febrile (74.5%, 591/793) and controls (13%, 13/100), P 0.0001. Its coinfection with bacteria was found only in febrile children (P = 0.0001). Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent bacterium in febrile children (2.8%, 22/793) and controls (3%, 3/100). Eight cases of Salmonella spp. (including two Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi) and two of Streptococcus pneumoniae were found only among febrile children. Borrelia spp. was found in 2 controls while Rickettsia felis was detected in 10 children (in 8 febriles and 2 afebriles). No DNA of other targeted microorganisms was detected. Plasmodium spp. remains prevalent while Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were common bacteria in Gabon. Two fastidious bacteria, Rickettsia felis and Borrelia spp., were found. Inclusion of controls should improve the understanding of the causes of fever in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Fastidious and Common Bacteria as Well as Plasmodium spp. in Febrile and Afebrile Children in Franceville, Gabon

Mourembou¹,

Fénollar²,

Socolovschi³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The genus Borrelia is essentially composed of the Lyme disease group and the relapsing fever group (123)(124)(125). Many Borrelia species, particularly those species of the Lyme disease group, are routinely cultured in liquid Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly II (BSK-II) medium under microaerophilic conditions (126,127) or its variations, such as BSK-H (128), at 30°C to 34°C.…”

Section: Spirochetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Past Strategies for Bacterial Culture in Clinical Microbiology

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY A pure bacterial culture remains essential for the study of its virulence, its antibiotic susceptibility, and its genome sequence in order to facilitate the understanding and treatment of caused diseases. The first culture conditions empirically varied incubation time, nutrients, atmosphere, and temperature; culture was then gradually abandoned in favor of molecular methods. The rebirth of culture in clinical microbiology was prompted by microbiologists specializing in intracellular bacteria. The shell vial procedure allowed the culture of new species of Rickettsia . The design of axenic media for growing fastidious bacteria such as Tropheryma whipplei and Coxiella burnetii and the ability of amoebal coculture to discover new bacteria constituted major advances. Strong efforts associating optimized culture media, detection methods, and a microaerophilic atmosphere allowed a dramatic decrease of the time of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. The use of a new versatile medium allowed an extension of the repertoire of archaea. Finally, to optimize the culture of anaerobes in routine bacteriology laboratories, the addition of antioxidants in culture media under an aerobic atmosphere allowed the growth of strictly anaerobic species. Nevertheless, among usual bacterial pathogens, the development of axenic media for the culture of Treponema pallidum or Mycobacterium leprae remains an important challenge that the patience and innovations of cultivators will enable them to overcome.

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“…2 Borrelia crocidurae has been detected with a 2.5% prevalence in Ornithodoros sonrai ticks, 3 while Lyme group Borrelia garinii was recently detected in Ixodes ricinus ticks, collected from El Ghora, Algeria. 4 In addition, at least 10 different relapsing fever-causing borreliae have been documented in Africa, including five different borreliae in humans and five different borreliae in nonhuman hosts.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…4 In addition, at least 10 different relapsing fever-causing borreliae have been documented in Africa, including five different borreliae in humans and five different borreliae in nonhuman hosts. 2 The former includes pathogens classified as B. hispanica, B. crocidurae, B. duttonii, and B. recurrentis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-Borne Candidatus Borrelia algerica in a Patient with Prolonged Fever in Oran, Algeria

Fotso¹,

Angelakis²,

Mouffok³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. To improve the knowledge base of Borrelia in north Africa, we tested 257 blood samples collected from febrile patients in Oran, Algeria, between January and December 2012 for Borrelia species using flagellin gene polymerase chain reaction sequencing. A sequence indicative of a new Borrelia sp. named Candidatus Borrelia algerica was detected in one blood sample. Further multispacer sequence typing indicated this Borrelia sp. had 97% similarity with Borrelia crocidurae, Borrelia duttonii, and Borrelia recurrentis. In silico comparison of Candidatus B. algerica spacer sequences with those of Borrelia hispanica and Borrelia garinii revealed 94% and 89% similarity, respectively. Candidatus B. algerica is a new relapsing fever Borrelia sp. detected in Oran. Further studies may help predict its epidemiological importance.Relapsing fever borreliae are arthropod-borne pathogens causing mild to deadly septicemia and miscarriage.1 In Africa, cultured representatives include tick-borne Borrelia crocidurae, Borrelia duttonii, and Borrelia hispanica transmitted by Ornithodoros soft ticks and louse-borne Borrelia recurrentis.

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Relapsing Fever Borreliae in Africa

Cited by 59 publications

References 48 publications

Molecular Detection of Fastidious and Common Bacteria as Well as Plasmodium spp. in Febrile and Afebrile Children in Franceville, Gabon

Molecular Detection of Fastidious and Common Bacteria as Well as Plasmodium spp. in Febrile and Afebrile Children in Franceville, Gabon

Current and Past Strategies for Bacterial Culture in Clinical Microbiology

Blood-Borne Candidatus Borrelia algerica in a Patient with Prolonged Fever in Oran, Algeria

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