Relapse to smoking following release from smoke-free correctional facilities in Queensland, Australia

Puljević, Cheneal; Andrade, Dominique de; Coomber, Ross; Kinner, Stuart A

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.02.028

Cited by 18 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…During data collection for a broader study investigating return to smoking following release from smoke‐free prisons in Queensland, reports of teabacco use in Queensland's prisons emerged among several participants. One participant who described making teabacco cigarettes from nicotine lozenges while incarcerated, and who was no longer serving a community corrections order, agreed to meet with researchers in a private location in the community to create samples for analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constituents of “teabacco”: A forensic analysis of cigarettes made from diverted nicotine replacement therapy lozenges in smoke‐free prisons

Mitchell

Puljević

Coomber

et al. 2018

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Following the implementation of prison smoke-free policies, there have been reports of prisoners creating substitute cigarettes made from nicotine replacement therapy patches or lozenges infused with tea leaves ("teabacco"). No studies have analyzed the chemical constituents of teabacco made from nicotine lozenges, so as to document any potential related health hazards. Teabacco samples were made by a participant who reported creating teabacco while incarcerated in a smoke-free prison in Queensland, Australia, and the process was video-recorded for replication in a laboratory. A simple linear smoking system captured the teabacco smoke for analysis. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to analyze elemental composition and gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analyzed the captured smoke using the National Institute of Standards and Technology mass spectral library. Analyses determined that quantities of copper, aluminum, and lead concentrations, and levels of inhaled total particulate matter, were above recommended guidelines for safe ingestion. Analysis of teabacco smoke using GC-MS identified potentially toxic compounds catechol and nicotine. However, our findings show that smoking this form of teabacco is less harmful than smoking teabacco made from nicotine patches, or smoking traditional tobacco cigarettes. Considering the limited potential health harm of smoking teabacco made from lozenges, and that nicotine lozenges represent the only form of smoking cessation support for individuals entering smoke-free prisons, we caution against the removal of nicotine lozenges from Queensland's prisons, at least until further research directly establishes health harms associated with this form of teabacco.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constituents of “teabacco”: A forensic analysis of cigarettes made from diverted nicotine replacement therapy lozenges in smoke‐free prisons

Mitchell

Puljević

Coomber

et al. 2018

Drug Testing and Analysis

Self Cite

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“…Although 114 participants completed the survey in phase one of the study , researchers were not initially aware of the prevalent nature of teabacco use in Queensland prisons, and so structured prompts measuring teabacco use were only added to the survey after 32 participants had already taken part in the study. As a result, quantitative data on teabacco use were available for 82 participants (described throughout as ‘survey participants’).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During data collection for a broader study using a survey to investigate return to smoking following release from smoke‐free prisons in Queensland , reports of teabacco use unexpectedly emerged. In response, we added further structured teabacco‐related prompts to the survey.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Teabacco’: Smoking of nicotine‐infused tea as an unintended consequence of prison smoking bans

Puljević

Coomber

Kinner

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Review

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“…Research conducted in the USA has found that between 60%25 26 and 74%27 of former smokers released from smoke-free prisons relapse to smoking within 24 hours of release, and 97% relapse within 6 months of release 26. Similarly, in a recent Australian study, 72% of people released from smoke-free prisons relapsed to smoking on the day of release, and 94% relapsed within 2 months of release 28. A systematic review29 of prison-based smoking cessation interventions found that correctional smoke-free policies result in short-term smoking abstinence only and, on their own, are insufficient to maintain long-term smoking cessation after release from prison.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Staying Quit After Release (SQuARe) trial protocol: a randomised controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention to maintain smoking abstinence after release from smoke-free prisons in Victoria, Australia

et al. 2019

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IntroductionSmoke-free policies have been introduced in prisons internationally. However, high rates of relapse to smoking after release from prison indicate that these policies typically result in short-term smoking cessation only. These high rates of relapse, combined with a lack of investment in relapse prevention, highlight a missed opportunity to improve the health of a population who smoke tobacco at two to six times the rate of the general population. This paper describes the rationale and design of a randomised controlled trial, testing the effectiveness of a caseworker-delivered intervention promoting smoking cessation among former smokers released from smoke-free prisons in Victoria, Australia.Methods and analysisThe multicomponent, brief intervention consists of behavioural counselling, provision of nicotine spray and referral to Quitline and primary care to promote use of government-subsidised smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. The intervention is embedded in routine service delivery and is administered at three time points: one prerelease and two postrelease from prison. Control group participants will receive usual care. Smoking abstinence will be assessed at 1 and 3 months postrelease, and confirmed with carbon monoxide breath testing. Linkage of participant records to survey and routinely collected administrative data will provide further information on postrelease use of health services and prescribed medication.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Corrections Victoria Research Committee, the Victorian Department of Justice Human Research Ethics Committee, the Department of Human Services External Request Evaluation Committee and the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee. Results will be submitted to major international health-focused journals. In case of success, findings will assist policymakers to implement urgently needed interventions promoting the maintenance of prison-initiated smoking abstinence after release, to reduce the health disparities experienced by this marginalised population.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000072213; Pre-results.

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Relapse to smoking following release from smoke-free correctional facilities in Queensland, Australia

Cited by 18 publications

References 65 publications

Constituents of “teabacco”: A forensic analysis of cigarettes made from diverted nicotine replacement therapy lozenges in smoke‐free prisons

Constituents of “teabacco”: A forensic analysis of cigarettes made from diverted nicotine replacement therapy lozenges in smoke‐free prisons

‘Teabacco’: Smoking of nicotine‐infused tea as an unintended consequence of prison smoking bans

Staying Quit After Release (SQuARe) trial protocol: a randomised controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention to maintain smoking abstinence after release from smoke-free prisons in Victoria, Australia

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