Relación entre inversión y resultados deportivos de España y el Reino Unido en los últimos 20 años (1996-2016)

Abstract

Resumen: El objeto del estudio es analizar cómo los ciclos económicos afectan a la inversión en el tercer sector del deporte y a los resultados deportivos internacionales. Se comparan los modelos de España y Reino Unido. Se seleccionaron los resultados olímpicos de ambos países en los últimos 20 años (Sídney 2000; Atenas 2004; Pekín 2008; Londres 2012 y Río 2016. Los resultados muestran como España ha ido disminuyendo la inversión pública en deporte desde la crisis, pero ha logrado mantener sus resultados deportivos en los Juegos Olímpicos. Esto evidencia una posible mejora de los recursos públicos y de la generación de recursos propios. Reino Unido muestra una recuperación económica mucho más sólida, que ha potenciado sus resultados deportivos, casi doblando el número de medallas en el periodo poscrisis. Se constata una mayor eicacia y eiciencia del modelo de Reino Unido que necesita menos de la mitad de deportistas olímpicos para conseguir excelentes resultados, generando un coste de medalla por habitante un 50% menor que España. Palabras clave: resultados deportivos, Juegos Olímpicos, federaciones deportivas, economía deporte, subvenciones. . he results show how Spain has been decreasing public investment in sports since the crisis, although maintaining its sport results. his shows an improvement of public resources and its own resources. UK shows a much stronger economic recovery, which has boosted its sports results as it has almost double the medal number in the post crisis period. here is a greater efectiveness and eiciency of the UK model that needs to send less than half Olympic athletes to get excellent results, generating a medal cost per inhabitant 50% lower than Spain.

Analysis and evaluation of the United Kingdom and Spain’s sport models

“…Following González et al (2018), in the results of pre-crisis and post-crisis in Spain there is no significant difference, which suggests that, in relation to Olympic sport, Spain has not emerged from the crisis or has been always. Indeed, during the Olympic cycle of London 2012, the effectiveness of the athletes was higher in the main international competitions, although tending to disappear in the last year of the Olympic cycle, which should be analysed in future research (De Carlos, Alén & Pérez, 2017).…”

“…This increase in funding, together with a detailed analysis of the medal possibilities and the Olympic cycle preparation plan of each sport, has been a key factor in the increase of medals by the UK, going from a range of 20-30 medals before the year 2000, to 65 & 67 in the last two OGs. While Spain has maintained a ratio of 16 to 19 after the Barcelona Games (with 22 medals, 13 gold), except for the 11 of Sydney 2000 (González et al, 2018).…”

“…The exit of the crisis has been much stronger in the case of the UK, with a significant increasing the number of medals achieved in the post-crisis period, almost doubling compared to the pre-crisis period (González et al, 2018).…”

“…It would be also important a further analysis about the inefficiency of the Spanish model, which prior to the 2008 crisis, had closer funding levels of the UK with results below the British team, although this trend seems to have changed thanks to the effectiveness of programs that incentive women whose results have a remarkable increasing in the last years (González et al, 2018& Deloitte, 2018.…”

“…The comparative study of the Spanish system with one of the European countries with better sporting results, could have a translation to the Spanish sports system to improve the efficiency of the system, the coordination and management of the associative sector, the organization and excellence of the sports federations and, ultimately, about its impact on high performance and international representation (González et al, 2018).…”