Relação entre a porcentagem de consoantes corretas e a memória operacional fonológica na alteração específica de linguagem

Abstract

Purpose: To verify whether age influences phonological performance and working memory, and whether there is correlation between phonological working memory and severity of phonological disorders in children with language impairment. Methods: Participants were 30 children diagnosed with language impairment, with ages ranging from 4 to 6 years. Data from the assessment of phonological working memory and phonology (measured by the Percentage of Consonants Correct -Reviewed) were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: Age did not influence phonology and phonological working memory, but there was positive correlation in the comparison between performances on phonological working memory and both phonology tasks. Conclusion: Age does not support the improvement of phonological abilities and phonological working memory. However, there is positive correlation between phonological working memory and the severity of phonological disorders, suggesting that the better the speech production, the better the phonological working memory.

Alteração fonológica e memória de curto prazo em escolares com distúrbio específico de linguagem

“…A positive correlation between nonword repetition and the severity of phonological impairment was observed in preschool children with SLI (10) . However, it is not clear whether schoolchildren with SLI maintain these improvements in their phonological abilities or phonological short-term memory, or even whether the correlations between these abilities are maintained.…”

“…Phonological issues represent one of the impairments that persist in these children, as they show no improvement with age (10) . The Percentage of Consonants Correct -Revised (PCC-R) index represents a sensitive approach to characterize phonological impairments in children with SLI.…”

“…This index is commonly used to compare speakers of several ages with distinct speech characteristics (12) . Studies have shown that 6-year-old children who do not evidence phonological impairment have a PCC-R with an accuracy rate higher than 95% (13) , whereas same-aged children with SLI show average values lower than 75% (10) .…”

Memória verbal e visuoespacial de crianças com alteração primária de fala e linguagem

“…Alguns estudos apontam que as crianças com DEL diferem de seus pares em desenvolvimento típico de linguagem apenas na repetição de palavras sem significado que sejam longas (64)(65)(66) . Entretanto, um estudo de meta-análise indicou que seu desempenho é inferior em não palavras de todas as extensões, sugerindo que o comprometimento dessas crianças esteja relacionado, também, à percepção dos fonemas ou à codificação das palavras (67) .…”

“…Esse resultado confirma o prejuízo na memória verbal de crianças com DEL (63,64,66,67,96) e das crianças com TF (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) . No caso dessa última população, nossos achados inovam, ao apontar que o desempenho em tarefas verbais complexas também está aquém do observado em crianças com DTL.…”