Rekonstrukce lesní vegetace České republiky v zemědělském pravěku a raném středověku na základě archeoantrakologických dat / Reconstruction of Forest Vegetation Between the Neolithic and the Early Middle Ages in the Territory of the Czech Republic Based on Archaeoanthracological Data

Abstract

The aim of the study is to reconstruct the forest vegetation of the Czech Republic in the period between agricultural prehistory (Neolithic, LnK, c. 7600 BP) and the Early Middle Ages on an elevation gradient from 140 to c. 500 m above sea level using anthracological data from archaeological sites – ARV (anthracologically reconstructed vegetation). A large set of data from 601 archaeological sites (990 components) containing 289,489 identified charcoal fragments was analysed. The analysed set of data contains both a selection of previously published results and, especially, a large amount of as yet unpublished data from the authors of the article. A basic comparison of the ARV with the composition of the potential natural vegetation (PNV after Neuhäuslová et al. 1998) was then conducted. The chronological development of the anthracologically reconstructed vegetation is compared with information from pollen analyses (PRV after Abraham et al. 2016) from the Czech Republic. The results of our study clearly show that anthracological data are an important source of information concerning the forest vegetation on land mostly deforested today, at lowland forest sites heavily affected by erosion and forests at medium elevations. The text outlines the basic ecological characteristics of selected anthracologically distinguishable tree taxa and methodological challenges in anthracological analysis.

Waste disposal processes and landfill management in Late Bronze Age inner periphery of the central Europe: Březnice settlement site (South Bohemia)

“…Most of the assemblages from prehistoric settlements can be considered as open assemblages, which were created over a longer period and re ect multiple processes Tertiary waste predominates in the assemblages obtained by sampling features on prehistoric settlements. Their nal deposition is not identical to the charring site (Jacomet et al 1989;Willerding 1971;Kočár and Dreslerová 2010;Fuller et al 2014).…”

“…Growing a wide range of crops eliminated the cultivation failure of any crop, as it could be more easily substituted by another (see e.g. Kočár and Dreslerová 2010).…”

“…The majority of the archaeobotanical samples from Březnice and other inland sites may be considered as open nds assemblages of plant remains from different habitats, which were brought into the settlement during various activities over a long time (Willerding 1971;Jacomet et al 1989;Kočár and Dreslerová 2010). According to Fuller et al (2014), the assemblages resulting from many different charring processes can be interpreted as displaced -tertiary waste.…”

Carbonised macro-remains from a Germanic settlement in Jevišovka-Nová. A contribution to current archaeobotanical knowledge of the Roman period

“…In the Czech and Slovak republics, comprehensive studies have been created in the last two decades that summarise the current state of archaeobotanical research. The first are studies by P. Kočár and D. Dreslerová (2010;. There is also very little archaeobotanical material from the sites of the Roman period in the territory of Bohemia and Moravia.…”

“…The sporadic occurrence of legumes in archaeobotanical samples, compared to cereals, is known from the literature, regardless of the chronological period (cf. Hajnalová, Varsik 2010;Hlavatá 2008;Hlavatá, Varsik 2019;Kočár, Dreslerová 2010;Dreslerová, Kočár 2013;Látková 2017;Krčová 2016). The situation is mainly due to two reasons.…”