Rejuvenation of Neutrophil Functions in Association With Reduced Diabetes Risk Following Ten Weeks of Low-Volume High Intensity Interval Walking in Older Adults With Prediabetes – A Pilot Study

Abstract

Neutrophil dysfunction is a common feature of aging, and is associated with the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although exercise training improves metabolic health, decreases risk of T2DM, and is associated with improving neutrophil functions, involvement in regular physical activity declines with age. The aim of this study was to determine if neutrophil functions could be improved in association with changes in fitness and metabolic parameters in older adults at risk for T2DM using 10-weeks of low volume high-intensity interval exercise training (HIIT). Ten older (71 ± 5 years) sedentary adults with prediabetes (HbA1c: 6.1 ± 0.3%) completed 10 weeks of a supervised HIIT program. Three 30 min sessions/week consisted of ten 60 s intervals of low intensity [50-60% heart rate reserve (HRR)] separated with similar durations of high intensity intervals (80-90% HRR). Before and after training, glucose and insulin sensitivity, neutrophil chemotaxis, bacterial phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial functions were assessed. Exercise-mediated changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO 2peak) and neutrophil functions were compared to six young (23 ± 1 years) healthy adults. Following training, significant reductions in fasting glucose and insulin were accompanied by improved glucose control and insulin sensitivity (all p < 0.05). Before exercise training, VO 2peak in the old participants was significantly less than that of the young controls (p < 0.001), but increased by 16 ± 11% following training (p = 0.002) resulting in a 6% improvement of the deficit. Neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis and stimulated ROS production were significantly less than that of the young controls, while basal ROS were higher before training (all p < 0.05). Following training, chemotaxis,

A Pilot Study of High-Intensity Interval Training in Older Adults with Treatment Naïve Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

“…HIIT participants completed 99% of all prescribed exercise sessions/week and minutes/week, at a highintensity interval heart rate corresponding to 89 (2.8)% of aerobic capacity. We show a high level of compliance for achieving target heart rates that was similar to our previous HIIT studies in non-cancer populations [17,18,21]. Our study benefited from a supervised program, with high adherence and retention rates.…”

“…We, and others, have shown that HIIT in older patients with prediabetes or rheumatoid arthritis also reduces disease burden while improving important immune functions [16][17][18][19][20]. Therefore, HIIT may be an effective form of exercise to improve physical fitness and immune functions for CLL patients.…”

“…Cardiorespiratory Fitness. We used a medically supervised cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to assess cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiac health, including continuous 12-lead electrocardiogram assessment and breath-by-breath metabolic analyses (ParvoMedics, UT, USA) as previously described [24]. Aerobic capacity (VO2peak) was determined by a graded maximal treadmill test starting at 2 mph/0% grade with increasing speed and/or grade such that the metabolic demand increased at approximately 3.5 mL/kg/min until volitional exhaustion.…”

“…Body Composition. Total body mass, fat mass and lean mass were estimated by air-displacement plethysmography (BodPod System; Life Measurement Corporation, Concord, CA) [24]. Muscle Strength.…”

COVID-19 and Quarantine: Expanding Understanding of How to Stay Physically Active at Home

“…The AUCG for cortisol remained unaffected on the first and last day of training but increased on the follow-up day with both, HIIT and LSD. sIgA secretion rate with the HIIT indicates no compromised mucosal immune function Bartlett et al (2020) Objective: Determine if neutrophil functions could be improved in association with changes in fitness and metabolic parameters in older adults at risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus using 10-weeks of low volume high-intensity interval exercise training (HIIT)…”