Rejuvenation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Ameliorate Skeletal Aging

Abstract

Advanced age is a shared risk factor for many chronic and debilitating skeletal diseases including osteoporosis and periodontitis. Mesenchymal stem cells develop various aging phenotypes including the onset of senescence, intrinsic loss of regenerative potential and exacerbation of inflammatory microenvironment via secretory factors. This review elaborates on the emerging concepts on the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of MSC senescence, such as the accumulation of oxidative stress, DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Senescent MSCs aggravate local inflammation, disrupt bone remodeling and bone-fat balance, thereby contributing to the progression of age-related bone diseases. Various rejuvenation strategies to target senescent MSCs could present a promising paradigm to restore skeletal aging.

In vitro visualization of osteo-adipogenic lineage choice of bone marrow stromal/stem cells (BMSCs)

“…This method provided a simple, effective and low-cost but specific approach to directly visualise the lineage choice of osteogenesis and adipogenesis of BMSCs. Moreover, our results not only confirmed that cultured young BMSCs were closer to osteoblasts than adipocytes[5], but also verified that aged BMSCs preferentially differentiation into adipocytes instead of osteoblasts[1, 2, 13]. However, whether the doses of supplemental drugs that were used to induce BMSCs differentiation are optimization combination still needed further studies.…”

“…It is widely accepted that aged BMSCs have decreased abilities to be differentiated into osteoblasts and increased abilities to be adipocytes [1,13]. In this study, we also used the OA medium to investigate its effects on aged BMSCs.…”

In vitro determination of osteo-adipogenic lineage choice of bone marrow stromal/stem cells (BMSCs)

“…It is widely accepted that aged BMSCs have decreased abilities to be differentiated into osteoblasts and increased abilities to be adipocytes [ 1 , 13 ]. In this section, we also used the OA medium to investigate its effects on aged BMSCs.…”