Rejecting familiar distracters during recognition in young adults with traumatic brain injury and in healthy older adults

Ozen, Lana J.; Skinner, Erin I.; Fernandes, Myra A.

doi:10.1017/s1355617710000202

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Despite this focus, some of our findings are unlikely to be face-specific and are likely relevant to the effects of aging on recognition memory at a broader level. For example, the finding that older adults had difficulty rejecting highly familiar lures in the current study is consistent with research showing the tendency of older adults to make false recognition errors due to recollection deficits when using verbal stimuli (Ozen, Skinner, & Fernandes, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…When participants in a face memory experiment are asked to determine whether a test item had been shown to them previously, they may make this decision on the basis of recollection by attempting to recall some contextual details surrounding the presentation of the face during the study episode. Alternatively, in the absence of specific source or contextual information to guide recognition decisions, participants may rely on a familiarity-based response strategy (Rapcsak, Nielsen, Glisky, & Kaszniak, 2002;Rapcsak, Reminger, Glisky, Kaszniak, & Comer, 1999). If participants are relying primarily on familiarity rather than recollection to complete a recognition memory test, then their false recognition errors should show sensitivity to experimental manipulations that vary the level of perceived familiarity of the distractors.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cognitive mechanisms of false facial recognition in older adults.

Edmonds¹,

Glisky²,

Bartlett³

et al. 2012

Psychology and Aging

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Older adults show elevated false alarm rates on recognition memory tests involving faces in comparison to younger adults. It has been proposed that this age-related increase in false facial recognition reflects a deficit in recollection and a corresponding increase in the use of familiarity when making memory decisions. To test this hypothesis, we examined the performance of 40 older adults and 40 younger adults on a face recognition memory paradigm involving three different types of lures with varying levels of familiarity. A robust age effect was found, with older adults demonstrating a markedly heightened false alarm rate in comparison to younger adults for "familiarized lures" that were exact repetitions of faces encountered earlier in the experiment, but outside the study list, and therefore required accurate recollection of contextual information to reject. By contrast, there were no age differences in false alarms to "conjunction lures" that recombined parts of study list faces, or to entirely new faces. Overall, the pattern of false recognition errors observed in older adults was consistent with excessive reliance on a familiarity-based response strategy. Specifically, in the absence of recollection older adults appeared to base their memory decisions on item familiarity, as evidenced by a linear increase in false alarm rates with increasing familiarity of the lures. These findings support the notion that automatic memory processes such as familiarity remain invariant with age, while more controlled memory processes such as recollection show age-related decline.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive mechanisms of false facial recognition in older adults.

Edmonds¹,

Glisky²,

Bartlett³

et al. 2012

Psychology and Aging

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“…Consistent with previous reports of greater Trails B sensitivity to TBI [8, 39, 62], we found small but significant increases in C-TMT-B completion times in TBI patients without significant differences in C-TMT-A completion times. However, as in previous studies of patients with predominantly mild TBI, the effect size of the C-TMT-B abnormalities was small [63], and no significant differences were seen in C-TMT-B versus C-TMT-A difference or ratio measures [42].…”

Section: Experiments 4: Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injurysupporting

confidence: 92%

The Effects of Aging, Malingering, and Traumatic Brain Injury on Computerized Trail-Making Test Performance

et al. 2015

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The trail making test (TMT) is widely used to assess speed of processing and executive function. However, normative data sets gathered at different sites show significant inconsistencies. Here, we describe a computerized version of the TMT (C-TMT) that increases the precision and replicability of the TMT by permitting a segment-by-segment analysis of performance and separate analyses of dwell-time, move-time, and error time. Experiment 1 examined 165 subjects of various ages and found that completion times on both the C-TMT-A (where subjects connect successively numbered circles) and the C-TMT-B (where subjects connect circles containing alternating letters and numbers) were strongly influenced by age. Experiment 2 examined 50 subjects who underwent three test sessions. The results of the first test session were well fit by the normative data gathered in Experiment 1. Sessions 2 and 3 demonstrated significant learning effects, particularly on the C-TMT-B, and showed good test-retest reliability. Experiment 3 examined performance in subjects instructed to feign symptoms of traumatic brain injury: 44% of subjects produced abnormal completion times on the C-TMT-A, and 18% on the C-TMT-B. Malingering subjects could be distinguished from abnormally slow controls based on (1) disproportionate increases in dwell-time on the C-TMT-A, and (2) greater deficits on the C-TMT-A than on the C-TMT-B. Experiment 4 examined the performance of 28 patients with traumatic brain injury: C-TMT-B completion times were slowed, and TBI patients showed reduced movement velocities on both tests. The C-TMT improves the reliability and sensitivity of the trail making test of processing speed and executive function.

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“…One possible avenue of future research is to determine whether problems with context recollection are face-specific. On the one hand, there is evidence that older adults display inflated false alarms for other types of stimuli (reviewed by Searcy et al, 1999 ), such as semantic stimuli (e.g., Dywan and Jacoby, 1990 ; Ozen et al, 2010 ). On the other hand, familiarity-based responding is much more likely to yield to practical difficulties in older adults for faces than for other stimuli because (i) faces are the only category for which correct individual recognition is frequently crucial during social interactions and (ii) there is an accrual of memorized faces with increasing age ( Chaby and Narme, 2009 ).…”

Section: Decline In the Recollection Of Contextual Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the particular vulnerability of face recognition to aging: a review of three hypotheses

2015

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Age-related face recognition deficits are characterized by high false alarms to unfamiliar faces, are not as pronounced for other complex stimuli, and are only partially related to general age-related impairments in cognition. This paper reviews some of the underlying processes likely to be implicated in theses deficits by focusing on areas where contradictions abound as a means to highlight avenues for future research. Research pertaining to the three following hypotheses is presented: (i) perceptual deterioration, (ii) encoding of configural information, and (iii) difficulties in recollecting contextual information. The evidence surveyed provides support for the idea that all three factors are likely to contribute, under certain conditions, to the deficits in face recognition seen in older adults. We discuss how these different factors might interact in the context of a generic framework of the different stages implicated in face recognition. Several suggestions for future investigations are outlined.

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Rejecting familiar distracters during recognition in young adults with traumatic brain injury and in healthy older adults

Cited by 13 publications

References 62 publications

Cognitive mechanisms of false facial recognition in older adults.

Cognitive mechanisms of false facial recognition in older adults.

The Effects of Aging, Malingering, and Traumatic Brain Injury on Computerized Trail-Making Test Performance

On the particular vulnerability of face recognition to aging: a review of three hypotheses

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