Reinvestment and Movement Disruption Following Stroke

Orrell, Alison; Masters, Rsw; Eves, Frank F.

doi:10.1177/1545968308317752

Cited by 83 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…The level of self-reported conscious processing was assessed after each pressure condition using a putting specific version (Cooke, Kavussanu, McIntyre, Boardley, & Ring, 2011;Vine et al, 2013) of the conscious motor processing subscale of the Movement Specific Reinvestment Scale (Orrell, Masters, & Eves, 2009). Participants were asked to indicate how they felt while putting in relation to six items, including, "I thought about bad putts" and "I tried to figure out why I missed putts".…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower left temporal-frontal connectivity characterizes expert and accurate performance: High-alpha T7-Fz connectivity as a marker of conscious processing during movement.

Gallicchio

Cooke

Ring

2016

Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology

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The Theory of Reinvestment argues that conscious processing can impair motor performance. The present study tested the utility of left temporal-frontal cortical connectivity as a neurophysiological marker of movement specific conscious processing. Expert and novice golfers completed putts while temporal-frontal connectivity was computed using high alpha Inter Site Phase Clustering (ISPC) and then analyzed as a function of experience (experts versus novices), performance (holed versus missed putts), and pressure (low versus high). Existing evidence shows that left temporal to frontal connectivity is related to dispositional conscious processing and is sensitive to the amount of declarative knowledge acquired during learning. We found that T7-Fz ISPC, but not T8-Fz ISPC, was lower in experts than novices, and lower when putts were holed than missed. Accordingly, our findings provide additional evidence that communication between verbal/language and motor areas of the brain during preparation for action and its execution is associated with poor motor performance. Our findings validate high-alpha left temporal-frontal connectivity as a neurophysiological correlate of movement specific conscious processing. Key wordsconscious processing; Inter Site Phase Clustering (ISPC); motor control; Reinvestment Theory; temporal-frontal connectivity 3 Classic theories of motor learning (e.g., Fitts & Posner, 1967) suggest that early in the learning process novices control movements deliberately and consciously, whereas following extensive practice they can learn to control movements automatically with reduced conscious awareness (i.e., they can evolve into experts). Thus, learning represents a transition from deliberate and explicit to automatic and implicit control of movement. This notion has been supported by research using electroencephalography (EEG) to assess cortical activity during movement tasks (for reviews see Cooke, 2013;Hatfield et al., 2004;Requin, Brener, & Ring, 1991). For instance, EEG research has indicated that experts display greater cortical efficiency (e.g., Babiloni et al., 2010), while also being more sensitive to errors (e.g., Cooke et al., 2015) when planning and executing movements.Grounded on classic theories of motor learning and control, the Theory of Reinvestment (Masters, 1992;Masters & Maxwell, 2008) proposes that automated motor processes can be disrupted when task-relevant declarative knowledge is used to consciously control movements. Specifically, reinvestment of declarative knowledge de-chunks automatic motor programs into separate components that require conscious control, causing a regression on the skill acquisition continuum to an earlier, more primitive and less effective stage of movement control (MacMahon & Masters, 1999). Importantly, the theory argues that contingencies such as movement errors, or increases in pressure, can create the conditions for reinvestment to occur (Lam, Masters, & Maxwell, 2010).For instance, pressure -defined as "the presence of situational incentive...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower left temporal-frontal connectivity characterizes expert and accurate performance: High-alpha T7-Fz connectivity as a marker of conscious processing during movement.

Gallicchio

Cooke

Ring

2016

Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology

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“…7,8,11 In this study, a mean difference in Conscious Motor Processing subscale scores of only 3.3 units was observed between those with or without knee pain; however, this would increase the likelihood of knee pain by approximately 50%. Moreover, the difference in mean scores between those without knee pain and those with knee pain due to sudden injury was nearly 6 units, notwithstanding that the sample size was small and the confidence intervals consistent with a much smaller increase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Previous studies have also found that propensity for conscious motor processing plays a more prominent role than movement self-consciousness in people with movement related problems, such as falling, 7 stroke, 8 and Parkinson's disease. 11 These findings suggest that concerns about moving effectively (or safely), which are likely to involve conscious motor processing, outweigh concerns about making a good impression when moving, which are likely to involve movement self-consciousness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 It has been concluded from these studies that people with a high propensity for movement specific reinvestment are more likely to consciously monitor and control their movements, which can disrupt more effective automatic-control processes. 5 To date efforts to understand the causes of knee pain, especially patellofemoral pain, mostly focus on the biomechanical factors that contribute to the pain rather than psychological factors or the interaction between biomechanical and psychological factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do people who consciously attend to their movements have more self-reported knee pain? An exploratory cross-sectional study

et al. 2014

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IntroductionFear-related anticipation of pain can cause altered muscular activation and guarded movements 1,2 and is associated with hyper-vigilance to cues that indicate pain, or the corollaries of pain. The ability to shift attention away from pain-related stimuli is also impaired. 3 Psychological and biomechanical mechanisms that underlie movement-related pain responses are often considered in isolation, but conscious aspects of movement may influence the manner in which they combine to contribute to musculoskeletal pain responses. 4 The theory of reinvestment proposes that individual differences in the propensity that people have for conscious involvement in their movements plays a role in the way they respond to various factors known to influence movement control. 4,5 The Movement Specific Reinvestment Scale, a reliable scale with construct validity, was developed specifically to measure the propensity for conscious involvement in movement. 6 The scale consists of two five-item subscales. The Conscious Motor Processing subscale reflects a person's tendency to consciously control their movements whereas the Movement Self-Consciousness subscale reflects a person's concerns about their style of movement and about making a good impression when they move. Responses to the Movement Specific Reinvestment Scale are recorded using a Likert-type scale with each item ranging from one (strongly disagree) to six (strongly agree).Normative values in younger general populations have not been reported previously, but higher scores on the Movement Specific Reinvestment Scale have been shown to be associated with greater movement disruption under psychological pressure in sports 2 performers, 6 higher fall incidence in elderly people, 7 and more severe functional impairment following stroke. 8 It has been concluded from these studies that people with a high propensity for movement specific reinvestment are more likely to consciously monitor and control their movements, which can disrupt more effective automatic-control processes. 5 To date efforts to understand the causes of knee pain, especially patellofemoral pain, mostly focus on the biomechanical factors that contribute to the pain rather than psychological factors or the interaction between biomechanical and psychological factors. In this regard, it is surprising that the role of movement specific reinvestment in musculoskeletal knee pain has not been investigated previously given that conscious attention is mobilized by factors such as fear or anxiety 5 and that people may attempt to modify the mechanics of their movement in order to adapt to pain or anticipated pain. 4 Investigation of the role of movement specific reinvestment in knee pain is therefore potentially useful considering the importance of the knee in human locomotion. This study explored the relationship between Movement Specific Reinvestment Scale scores and self-reported knee pain in a group of young and middle-aged adults. A higher general propensity for movement specific reinvestment was expected to b...

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“…People after stroke have shown to have greater propensity to reinvestment compared to the age-matched, non-disabled population 49 . Within the current study an adapted version of the MSRS specifically to gait is used.…”

Section: Movement Specific Reinvestment Scale Adapted For Gait (Msrs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Implicit and Explicit Motor Learning in Gait Rehabilitation of People After Stroke: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

Jie¹,

Kleynen²,

Meijer³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Reinvestment and Movement Disruption Following Stroke

Cited by 83 publications

References 36 publications

Lower left temporal-frontal connectivity characterizes expert and accurate performance: High-alpha T7-Fz connectivity as a marker of conscious processing during movement.

Lower left temporal-frontal connectivity characterizes expert and accurate performance: High-alpha T7-Fz connectivity as a marker of conscious processing during movement.

Do people who consciously attend to their movements have more self-reported knee pain? An exploratory cross-sectional study

The Effects of Implicit and Explicit Motor Learning in Gait Rehabilitation of People After Stroke: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

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