Reinvestigation of the Late Devonian <i>Shougangia bella</i> and new insights into the evolution of fern-like plants

Wang, Biao; Zhang, Yingying; Liu, Le; Xu, Hong-He; Qin, Min; Liu, Lu

doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1289269

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This group has been recognized for more than 100 years (Potonié and Bernard, 1904; Pichi‐Sermolli, 1959) and it occupies a key position in discussions of the origins of both ferns and sphenopsids (Skog and Banks, 1973; Stein, 1982; Stein et al, 1984; Stewart and Rothwell, 1993; Kenrick and Crane, 1997; Xue et al, 2010). The steady addition of taxa to the group and their taxonomic treatments have led to several classification schemes that are partially overlapping, yet not entirely congruent (e.g., Berry and Stein, 2000; Cordi and Stein, 2005; Meyer‐Berthaud et al, 2007; Xue et al, 2010; Wang et al, 2017). Despite this situation, to date, only one study has addressed phylogenetic relationships in this group (Xue et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latest treatments of the cladoxylopsids (Xue et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2017) divide these plants into three groups, as proposed initially by Wang and Berry (2006) and by Meyer-Berthaud et al (2007). The three groups are the Iridopteridales (treated as a lineage within the Cladoxylopsida by most authors, until Meyer-Berthaud et al [2007] excluded them from the class) and two groups within Meyer-Berthaud et al's Cladoxylopsida s.s.: the Pseudosporochnales and the non-pseudosporochnalean cladoxylopsids.…”

Section: Traditional Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The taxonomy of plants traditionally assigned to this group has been revised multiple times and is still in flux. The latest treatments of the cladoxylopsid plexus (Xue et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2017) recognize three groups, as proposed earlier by Wang and Berry (2006) and Meyer-Berthaud et al (2007). One of these groups is the Iridopteridales (iridopterids), which were treated as a lineage within the traditional all-encompassing Cladoxylopsida (cladoxylopsids s.l.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A new phylogeny of the cladoxylopsid plexus: contribution of an early cladoxylopsid from the Lower Devonian (Emsian) of Quebec

Durieux

Lopez

Bronson

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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Premise: Cladoxylopsids formed Earth's earliest forests and gave rise to the ancestors of sphenopsids and ferns. Lower Devonian (Emsian) strata of the Battery Point Formation (Quebec, Canada) contain new anatomically preserved cladoxylopsids, one of which is described in this article. To assess the phylogenetic position of this fossil and address questions of cladoxylopsid phylogeny, we conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic study. Methods: Permineralized axes were studied in serial sections using the cellulose acetate peel technique. We evaluated phylogenetic relationships among cladoxylopsids using a data set of 36 new morphological characters and 31 species, in parsimonyconstrained analyses. Results: We describe Adelocladoxis praecox gen. et sp. nov., a cladoxylopsid with small actinostelic axes bearing dichotomously branched, helically arranged ultimate appendages and fusiform sporangia. Adelocladoxis provides the oldest evidence of cladoxylopsid anatomy, including ultimate appendages and sporangia. In agreement with non-phylogenetic classification schemes, our phylogenetic analysis resolves a basal grade of iridopterids and a clade of cladoxylopsids s.s., which includes a pseudosporochnalean cladoxylopsid clade, a cladoxylalean cladoxylopsid clade, and Adelocladoxis. Conclusions: Our phylogenetic analysis illuminates aspects of tempo and mode of evolution in the cladoxylopsid plexus. Originating prior to the Emsian, cladoxylopsids reached global distribution by the Frasnian. Iridopterids and cladoxylopsids s.s. radiated in the Emsian-Eifelian. The sequence of character change recovered by our phylogeny supports a transition from actinostelic protosteles to dissected steles, associated with an increase in xylem rib number and medullation generating a central parenchymatous area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Traditional Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new phylogeny of the cladoxylopsid plexus: contribution of an early cladoxylopsid from the Lower Devonian (Emsian) of Quebec

Durieux

Lopez

Bronson

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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“…They also have tracheids with scalariform thickenings or scalariform to elliptical/circular bordered pits on the walls (Wang DM et al 2005, 2006a, 2006b (Arnold 1952;Dittrich et al 1983;Giesen and Berry 2013). Three Chinese Devonian fernlike plants, Polypetalophyton Geng 1995, Metacladophyton and Shougangia, were described as having secondary xylem (or putative) with indistinct or narrow rays, and scalariform thickenings or bordered pits on the tracheid walls (Hilton et al 2003;Wang DM and Lin 2007;Wang DM et al 2017).…”

Section: Secondary Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleurorhizoxylon yixingensegen. et sp. nov., a Euphyllophyte Axis with Anatomically Preserved Adventitious Roots from the Late Devonian of South China

Zhang

Berry

Wang

et al. 2018

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Premise of research. Rooting structures were major contributors to Devonian global change, but anatomically preserved plant roots are rare from this period. We report a new type of plant axis from the Upper Devonian strata of South China that contains a protostele, relatively extensive secondary xylem and adventitious root traces. Methodology. The original specimens were fragmentary coalified axes, most of which were embedded in Epon resin, sectioned transversely and longitudinally, and ground into thin sections. The sections were observed and imaged with the light microscope. A few were observed directly with a Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM). Pivotal results. The axis of this new plant, named Pleurorhizoxylon gen. nov., consists of a three-ribbed protostele and thick secondary xylem; the primary xylem is of apparent mesarch maturation, with a single protoxylem lacuna near the end of each rib. The secondary xylem has variable rays composed of parenchyma cells and has scalariform to elliptical bordered pits on both radial and tangential walls of the tracheids. The adventitious root traces are located opposite each primary xylem rib going through the wood, they are accompanied by large rays and cause significant accommodation (knotting) in the wood. Extra-xylary portions are poorly preserved, and no cambium or secondary phloem has been found. Conclusion. The new plant has a unique combination of characters and demonstrates the anatomical basis for adventitious root growth present in a Devonian moniliform plant for the first time.

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“…Ferns with megaphylls (laminate leaves containing multiple veins) bearing sporangia originated in the Carboniferous and have evolved until now, while fern-like plants (as probable fern precursors), without foliar-borne sporangia, usually existed in the Middle Devonian–Carboniferous [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The fern-like plants include the iridopteridaleans, pseudosporochnaleans, nonpseudosporochnaleans, rhacophytaleans and stauropteridaleans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Fern-like Plant Xinhangia spina Gen. et sp. Nov. from the Upper Devonian of China

Yang

Wang

2022

Biology

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Palaeozoic fern-like plants show great diversity in their morphology and/or anatomy. Within this group, a novel taxon, Xinhangia spina gen. et sp. nov., is now reported from the Upper Devonian (Famennian) Wutong Formation of Anhui Province, China. The primary and secondary branches are borne alternately and sometimes in a triseriate pattern. Spines are evident on the main axes or stems and on the primary branches. Vegetative ultimate appendages with recurved tips are alternate, usually dichotomous 1–2 times, and sometimes as an aphlebia located at the base of primary or secondary branches. Fertile ultimate appendages are alternate, usually dichotomous 1–2 times, and terminate in elongated and paired sporangia. The stele has a clepsydroid-like primary xylem with each end bearing a protoxylem strand. The secondary xylem surrounding the primary xylem illustrates uniseriate rays. With rare divisions in both the vegetative and fertile ultimate appendages, Xinhangia represents a morphologically primitive plant. It is of uncertain affinity at the class or order level. The stelar architecture suggests that the clepsydroid stele may not be emphasized in discussing the relationship among fern-like plants such as rhacophytaleans.

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Reinvestigation of the Late Devonian Shougangia bella and new insights into the evolution of fern-like plants

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

A new phylogeny of the cladoxylopsid plexus: contribution of an early cladoxylopsid from the Lower Devonian (Emsian) of Quebec

A new phylogeny of the cladoxylopsid plexus: contribution of an early cladoxylopsid from the Lower Devonian (Emsian) of Quebec

Pleurorhizoxylon yixingensegen. et sp. nov., a Euphyllophyte Axis with Anatomically Preserved Adventitious Roots from the Late Devonian of South China

A New Fern-like Plant Xinhangia spina Gen. et sp. Nov. from the Upper Devonian of China

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