Reinterpreting the 1882 Bison Population Collapse

Holt, Sierra Dawn Stoneberg

doi:10.1016/j.rala.2018.05.004

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The costs of flies are compounded over the summer. Individual ungulates may therefore reach tipping points between physiological compensation and morbidity that could precipitate sudden population declines and ecological surprises (Doak et al 2008, Stoneberg Holt 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse effects of Diptera flies on northern ungulates: Rangifer, Alces, and Bison

Benedict

Barboza

2022

Mammal Review

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1. Flies (Diptera) damage ungulates far beyond the injury of their bite wounds: they are vectors of diseases and cause ungulates to lose foraging opportunities due to avoidance behaviour. We can use the behavioural and physiological responses of bison Bison spp. (Artiodactyla: Bovidae), caribou/reindeer Rangifer tarandus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae), and moose/elk Alces alces (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) to assess the impacts of flies on these ungulates. Ungulates rely on morphological and physiological resistance to flies at lowintensities of exposure. However, as fly exposure increases, ungulates begin to react with behavioural avoidance in addition to increasing their physiological response. Rangifer tarandus are highly sensitive to flies and respond quickly to their presence by avoidance behaviours that incur fitness costs through reduced body mass. Alces alces are less reactive to fly exposure, enduring the presence of flies and maintaining a low loss of fitness, sometimes dying from the cumulative effects of exposure. Bison spp. may use a facultative strategy that depends upon the prevalence of flies and associated diseases in their environment. Among these strategies, variables such as the type of fly bite, presence and degree of infection, and heritability of resistance affect individual host survival. 3. Relationships between flies and ungulates can integrate multiple scales of organisation in the ecosystem to reflect system stability. Climate change is predicted to alter the species composition and seasonal phenology of flies and the associated effects of wounding and vector-borne disease on ungulate populations that are central to the functions of Arctic and temperate ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse effects of Diptera flies on northern ungulates: Rangifer, Alces, and Bison

Benedict

Barboza

2022

Mammal Review

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“…Unrestrained killing of bison and incidental, novel epizootic disease spread were responsible for the drastic loss of the bison population. Bison slaughter occurred for an international market for hides as a way to starve and destroy the identity of Native Americans (National Park Service [NPS], 2018; Stoneberg Holt, 2018). Approximately 10-15 million bison were slaughtered and an additional 30 million are hypothesized to have died of tick fever in the Great Plains in a little over 10 years; it is estimated that fewer than 1,000 bison remained by the 1890s (Taylor, 2011;NPS, 2018;Stoneberg Holt, 2018).…”

Section: Disruption Of Historical Disturbance Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bison slaughter occurred for an international market for hides as a way to starve and destroy the identity of Native Americans (National Park Service [NPS], 2018; Stoneberg Holt, 2018). Approximately 10-15 million bison were slaughtered and an additional 30 million are hypothesized to have died of tick fever in the Great Plains in a little over 10 years; it is estimated that fewer than 1,000 bison remained by the 1890s (Taylor, 2011;NPS, 2018;Stoneberg Holt, 2018). The decimation of the bison devastated Native American Tribes (NPS, 2018) and disrupted the natural disturbance regime that maintained heterogenous and biodiverse grasslands.…”

Section: Disruption Of Historical Disturbance Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Grassland management priorities for the North Central Region

2023

Open-File Report

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NPS), Kristina Smucker (MFWP), and Terry Tatsey (member of the Blackfeet Tribe in the state of Montana and lifetime rancher, educator, and cultural practitioner).We also wish to thank the Management Priorities Working Group members James Rattling Leaf, Sr. (Great Plains Tribal Water Alliance) and Ian Tator (WGFD) who supported data gathering and review. We are also grateful to Jane Wolken (CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder) for her help with editing and proofreading and Ulyana Horodyskyj (CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder) for her help creating figure C1.

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“…The success of the subsequent infections would indicate that the bison population was naive and highly susceptible. This recent introduction of anthrax in North America may have been one cause of the massive extinction of bisons (34).…”

Section: Analysing the Abr011/009 Polytomy (Tea 011)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus anthracis evolutionary history: taking advantage of the topology of the phylogenetic tree and of human history to propose dating points

Vergnaud¹

2020

Erciyes Med J

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This review expands on a talk I gave during the "Biology of Anthrax" meeting held in Bari, Italy (September 3 rd -6 th , 2019). The talk was a synthesis of recent investigations taking advantage of the topology of the Bacillus anthracis phylogenetic tree to propose tentative dating points and scenarios. Currently available whole-genome sequence (WGS) data allowed identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among B. anthracis strains and drawing phylogenetic trees. The geographic origin of the strains and the topology of the tree were used to infer spreading events. Five star-like patterns in the tree (polytomies), each containing at least six branches, were detected. The analysis of the geographic distribution of the strains constituting one such polytomy suggests that it emerged not more than a few centuries ago. The key observation allowing this dating is the finding that the polytomy is anchored into Western Europe and that the main North-American lineage emerged from one of its branches, indicative of a post-Columbian export. From this point, I propose additional working hypotheses which may allow dating key nodes along the phylogeny of B. anthracis corresponding to four "Out-of-Africa" events. While trade of contaminated animal products seems to be the predominant driving force underlying modern long-distance spreading of B. anthracis, invasive military operations and more generally borders instabilities may have played an important role in earlier times. The testing of these hypotheses will require the sequencing of a significant number of additional strains from many countries.

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Reinterpreting the 1882 Bison Population Collapse

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Adverse effects of Diptera flies on northern ungulates: Rangifer, Alces, and Bison

Adverse effects of Diptera flies on northern ungulates: Rangifer, Alces, and Bison

Grassland management priorities for the North Central Region

Bacillus anthracis evolutionary history: taking advantage of the topology of the phylogenetic tree and of human history to propose dating points

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