Reinterpretation of palmate and semi-palmate (webbed) fossil tracks; insights from finite element modelling

Falkingham, Peter L.; Margetts, Lee; Smith, I. M.; Manning, Phillip L.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.09.011

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These soil characteristics can be inferred and, in any case, missing data obliges more effort to be spent in calibrating the model. This has been demonstrated in previous studies by Margetts et al (2005Margetts et al ( , 2006, Falkingham et al (2009Falkingham et al ( , 2010Falkingham et al ( , 2011a, and Schanz et al (2013). The present study is different because it focusses on the sedimentological aspects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

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Fossil Vertebrate Tracks as Paleopenetrometers: Confounding Effects of Foot Morphology

Falkingham¹,

Margetts²,

Manning³

2010

PALAIOS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Knowledge of all the parameters required for a good model simulation permits new interpretations of certain tracks, as in the case of the tracks studied by Falkingham et al (2009). These authors analysed bird trackpaths using a high-resolution laser scanner and reconstructed them using a finite element simulator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil Vertebrate Tracks as Paleopenetrometers: Confounding Effects of Foot Morphology

Falkingham¹,

Margetts²,

Manning³

2010

PALAIOS

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“…As models of foot-sediment and sedimentsediment interactions become more and more sophisticated (e.g., Falkingham et al, 2009;Maladen et al, 2011), the need to ground-truth synthetic footprints becomes essential. Actual three-dimensional trajectories of sub-surface markers offer rich new data for evaluating simulated sediment displacements.…”

Section: Advantages Of a Biplanar X-ray Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biplanar X-ray method for three-dimensional analysis of track formation

Ellis

Gatesy

2013

Palaeontologia Electronica

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Ellis, Richard G. and Gatesy, Stephen M. 2013. A biplanar X-ray method for three-dimensional analysis of track formation, Palaeontologia Electronica Vol. 16, Issue 1; 1T, 16p; palaeo-electronica.org/content/2013/371-x-ray-track-analysis A biplanar X-ray method for three-dimensional analysis of track formation Richard G. Ellis and Stephen M. Gatesy ABSTRACTTracks arise through a complex interplay between animal and substrate. Studying this dynamic process is challenging because most foot-sediment and sediment-sediment interactions are rapid and hidden from view. Herein, we describe a new method for visualizing and quantifying three-dimensional movements of both a morphologically accurate indenter and realistic sediment during track formation. Our method uses biplanar X-ray imaging and an animation-based workflow to reconstruct the trajectories of metal beads seeded throughout the sediment volume. X-rays allow sub-surface motion normally concealed by the foot and opaque matrix to be analyzed at 30 frames per second with sub-millimeter resolution. Results from two case studies of tridactyl tracks in semi-liquid mud provide novel, animated visualizations, examples of ensemble and particle-specific data, as well as measures of precision and accuracy. This methodology has the potential to mechanistically link specific track morphologies to foot movement, clarify undertrack formation, validate computational models, and set a new standard for evidence-based reconstruction of locomotion from fossil footprints.

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“…In this study, Avipeda tracks were differentiated on the basis of the webbing being present (Aa) and footprints lacking the webbing (Ac), although preservational bias certainly affects this aspect (Falkingham et al 2009;Falk et al 2011; see discussion below).…”

Section: Bird Tracks -Avipeda (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, whereas trace preservation is low in loose sandy substrates (Laporte, Behrensmeyer 1980), moist beach and dune sands improve preservation potential (Van der Lingen, Andrews 1969;Ahlbrandt et al 1978;Lewis, Titheridge 1978;Laporte, Behrensmeyer 1980;Lockley 1986;Loope 1986;Scrivner, Bottjer 1986;Milàn, Bromley 2006;Falkingham et al 2009;Falk et al 2011). Even in dunes, where deflation of the tracks and aeolian deposition of lithologically similar material greatly reduce track preservation, many aeolian tracksites have been described in the sedimentary record (McKee 1947;Brand 1979;Lockley 1986;Loope 1986;McKeever 1991;Brand 1996;Lea 1996;Milàn et al 2007a, b;Roberts 2008).…”

Section: Track Preservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent vertebrate tracks in sandy substrates and their paleoenvironmental implications: examples from coastal Lithuania

Buynevich

2015

Baltica

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A diverse suite of vertebrate footprints documented along the coast of Lithuania offers insight into the distribution and preservation potential of tracks in sandy substrates. Whereas ichnotaxonomy is not conventionally applied to modern tracks, a case is made for using footprint classification based on Vialov’s (1966) nomenclature to both observed and predicted track distribution based on extramorphological characteristics of the tracemaker. Along a barrier spit (Curonian Spit) and mainland shoreline (Būtingė) sites, two general types of avian footprints (Avipeda sp), as well as three carnivore (Bestiopeda), four ungulate (Pecoripeda, Suipeda, Hippipeda), and two rodent (Rodentipeda) track morphotypes are described. The habitat preferences result in a predictable distribution of track assemblages with a potential of differentiating vertebrate ichnofacies (lagoon shoreline, open sea beach, dunes). The moisture content, possibility of freezing and rapid aeolian burial, and lithological anomalies (e.g., heavy-mineral concentrations) enhance the preservation potential of tracks. Once preserved, the attitude of trackways in respect to bedding surfaces determines their integrity and here a model of potential regional track distribution is proposed. Track formation and preservation in modern settings provides a useful guide to locating and studying vertebrate footprints and other traces in sand-dominated coastal and aeolian sequences.

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Reinterpretation of palmate and semi-palmate (webbed) fossil tracks; insights from finite element modelling

Cited by 49 publications

References 25 publications

Fossil Vertebrate Tracks as Paleopenetrometers: Confounding Effects of Foot Morphology

Fossil Vertebrate Tracks as Paleopenetrometers: Confounding Effects of Foot Morphology

A biplanar X-ray method for three-dimensional analysis of track formation

Recent vertebrate tracks in sandy substrates and their paleoenvironmental implications: examples from coastal Lithuania

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