“…Neverthelss, despite technological optimism positively influences perceived usefulness and ease of use of Industry 4.0 technologies by young trainee (Castillo-Vergara et al, 2022), it will be important to utilize older miners' knowledge for technology development and knowledge transfer to newer miners (Lund et al, 2024). 13 Currently subcontracted workers in Chile's mining industry has become an important social movement (Leiva and Campos, 2013;Hughes, 2016;Pérez, 2022). In this context, labor union leaders have received training in mining 4.0 today, covering topics like value chain, climate change, circular economy, automation, digitalization, and female industry participation Fundachión Chile, 2023).…”