Reinstating location improves mnemonic access but not fidelity of visual mental representations

Martarelli, Corinna S.; Fresa, Rebecca Ovalle; Popic, Deian; Globig, Laura K.; Rothen, Nicolas

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2022.08.003

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Furthermore, IVR can be used to investigate the relative contributions and interactions of different features (e.g., temporal, contextual, semantic, and auditory information) in the processing and representation of visual information. For example, Martarelli et al (2022) adopted an IVR approach combined with continuous measures to investigate the impact of object position location on the precision of subsequent color recall in IVR. They found that congruent location at recall (corresponding to the location where the object was previously encoded) enhanced color access, thus suggesting that spatial information embedded in natural behavior acts like a scaffolding structure that facilitates visual memory.…”

Section: Investigating Visual Memory With Ivrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keeping track of reality: Embedding visual memory in natural behavior

Martarelli,

Chiquet,

Ertl

2023

Preprint

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Since immersive virtual reality (IVR) emerged as a research method in the 1980s, the focus has been on the similarities between IVR and actual reality. In this vein, it has been suggested that IVR methodology might fill the gap between laboratory studies and real life. IVR allows for high internal validity (i.e., a high degree of experimental control and experimental replicability), as well as high external validity by letting participants engage with the environment in an almost natural manner. Despite internal validity being crucial to experimental designs, external validity also matters in terms of the generalizability of results. In this paper, we first highlight and summarize the similarities and differences between IVR, desktop situations (both non-immersive VR and computer experiments), and reality. In the second step, we propose that IVR is a promising tool for visual memory research in terms of investigating the representation of visual information embedded in natural behavior. We encourage researchers to carry out experiments on both two-dimensional computer screens and in immersive virtual environments to investigate visual memory and validate and replicate the findings. IVR is valuable because of its potential to improve theoretical understanding and increase the psychological relevance of the findings.

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Section: Investigating Visual Memory With Ivrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keeping track of reality: Embedding visual memory in natural behavior

Martarelli,

Chiquet,

Ertl

2023

Preprint

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“…Space serves as a scaffold for working memory retention [18][19][20][21], as well as for the selection and prioritisation of specific objects within working memory [21][22][23][24]. One particular and recent demonstration of this involves spatial biases in gaze when selectively attending to objects in visual working memory [24][25][26][27] in the absence of anything to look at (see also [28][29][30][31]).…”

Section: Space-based Mnemonic Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity and selection in immersive visual working memory following naturalistic object disappearance

Chawoush¹,

Draschkow²,

Ede³

2022

Preprint

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Visual working memory – holding past visual information ‘in mind’ for upcoming behaviour – is commonly studied following the abrupt removal of visual objects from static 2D displays. In everyday life, visual objects do not typically vanish from the environment in front of us. Rather, visual objects tend to enter working memory following self or object motion: disappearing from view gradually and changing the spatial relation between memoranda and observer. Here, we used virtual reality (VR) to investigate whether two classic findings from visual working memory research – a capacity of around three objects and the reliance on space for object selection – generalise to more naturalistic modes of object disappearance. Our static reference condition mimicked traditional laboratory tasks whereby visual objects were held static in front of the participant and removed from view abruptly. In our critical flow condition, the same visual objects flowed by participants, disappearing from view gradually and behind the observer. We considered visual working memory capacity as well as space-based mnemonic selection, indexed by directional biases in gaze. Despite vastly distinct modes of object disappearance and altered spatial relations between memoranda and observer, we found comparable capacity and comparable gaze signatures of space-based mnemonic selection. This reveals how classic findings from visual working memory research generalise to immersive situations with more naturalistic modes of object disappearance and with dynamic spatial relations between memoranda and observer.

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“…Space serves as a scaffold for working memory retention ( de Vries & van Ede, 2023 ; Heuer & Rolfs, 2021a ; Jiang, Olson, & Chun, 2000 ; Pertzov & Husain, 2014 ; Schneegans & Bays, 2017 ), as well as for the selection and prioritization of specific objects within working memory ( Griffin & Nobre, 2003 ; Heuer & Rolfs, 2021a ; Kuo, Rao, Lepsien, & Nobre, 2009 ; van Ede, Chekroud, & Nobre, 2019 ). One particular and recent demonstration of this involves spatial biases in gaze when selectively attending to objects in visual working memory ( de Vries, Fejer, & van Ede, 2023 ; Draschkow, Kallmayer, & Nobre, 2022 ; van Ede, Board, & Nobre, 2020 ; van Ede, Chekroud, & Nobre, 2019 ; van Ede, Deden, & Nobre, 2021 ) in the absence of anything to look at (see also Ferreira, Apel, & Henderson, 2008 ; Martarelli, Ovalle Fresa, Popic, Globig, & Rothen, 2022 ; Spivey & Geng, 2001 ; Wynn, Shen, & Ryan, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity and selection in immersive visual working memory following naturalistic object disappearance

Chawoush,

Draschkow,

van Ede

2023

Journal of Vision

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Visual working memory—holding past visual information in mind for upcoming behavior—is commonly studied following the abrupt removal of visual objects from static two-dimensional (2D) displays. In everyday life, visual objects do not typically vanish from the environment in front of us. Rather, visual objects tend to enter working memory following self or object motion: disappearing from view gradually and changing the spatial relation between memoranda and observer. Here, we used virtual reality (VR) to investigate whether two classic findings from visual working memory research—a capacity of around three objects and the reliance on space for object selection—generalize to more naturalistic modes of object disappearance. Our static reference condition mimicked traditional laboratory tasks whereby visual objects were held static in front of the participant and removed from view abruptly. In our critical flow condition, the same visual objects flowed by participants, disappearing from view gradually and behind the observer. We considered visual working memory performance and capacity, as well as space-based mnemonic selection, indexed by directional biases in gaze. Despite vastly distinct modes of object disappearance and altered spatial relations between memoranda and observer, we found comparable capacity and comparable gaze signatures of space-based mnemonic selection. This finding reveals how classic findings from visual working memory research generalize to immersive situations with more naturalistic modes of object disappearance and with dynamic spatial relations between memoranda and observer.

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Reinstating location improves mnemonic access but not fidelity of visual mental representations

Cited by 4 publications

References 56 publications

Keeping track of reality: Embedding visual memory in natural behavior

Keeping track of reality: Embedding visual memory in natural behavior

Capacity and selection in immersive visual working memory following naturalistic object disappearance

Capacity and selection in immersive visual working memory following naturalistic object disappearance

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