Reinspection of formation of BiFe1-xMnxO3 solid solutions via low temperature sol-gel synthesis route

Lanthanum and Manganese Co-Doping Effects on Structural, Morphological, and Magnetic Properties of Sol-Gel Derived BiFeO3

“…Interestingly, it was shown that an increase in Bi 3+ content in Bi x La 1-x MnO 3+δ solid solutions could lead to drastic particle growth [46]. On the other hand, our previous study revealed that Mn 3+ could act as a particle growth inhibitor, limiting the grain size [22]. The intercalation of 15% Mn 3+ ions limited the effect of particle growth, which could be related to the higher concentration of Bi 3+ ions.…”

“…In our case, no absorption bands were observed in the 4000-600 cm −1 interval, which indicates the absence of residual organic species or carbonates in solid solutions. Our previous study [22] on BiFe 1-x Mn x O 3 solid solutions revealed that the addition of Mn 3+ could result in the most intense peak shift to higher wavenumbers. Samples with orthorhombic structure have two absorption bands: a strong and sharp band located at 533-552 cm −1 region as well as a weak and broad one at 436-474 cm −1 .…”

“…The intercalation of 15% Mn 3+ ions limited the effect of particle growth, which could be related to the higher concentration of Bi 3+ ions. that Mn 3+ could act as a particle growth inhibitor, limiting the grain size [22]. The intercalation of 15% Mn 3+ ions limited the effect of particle growth, which could be related to the higher concentration of Bi 3+ ions.…”

“…It is noteworthy that in the case of nanocrystalline BiFeO3 and LaFeO3 (Table 1), weak ferromagnetism due to uncompensated magnetic moments on the surface of grains can cause an increase in magnetisation [49][50][51]. However, for BiFe1-xMnxO3 solutions, Mn influences magnetic order, which can cause the formation of additional paramagnetic compounds [22], which cause a decrease in uncompensated magnetisation. The linear dependence of magnetisation (Figure 6) is generally consistent with the antiferromagnetic order of spins in samples, but at least for BiFe 0.85 Mn 0.15 O 3 , the observed magnetisation is larger than that of bulk BiFeO 3 [47,48].…”

“…One of the examples can be La 3+ intercalation to the BiFeO 3 system, leading to an increase in magnetisation, conductivity, and improved ferroelectric properties [17][18][19]. Substituting Fe 3+ ions with Mn 3+ ions can lead to structural transition, a better magnetoelectric coupling effect, and enhancement of magnetisation [20][21][22]. Co-doping with both elements was performed to suppress the formation of oxygen vacancies and Fe 2+ ions, which could improve the electrical properties [23].…”