Reinke's edema management and voice outcomes

Abstract

Objectives Reinke's edema is a chronic disease of the respiratory tract that occurs in adults with a history of chronic smoke exposure. Also known as polypoid corditis, polypoid laryngitis, and polypoid degeneration of the vocal fold, it is strongly associated with smoking, frequently with vocal misuse/abuse, and occasionally with laryngopharyngeal reflux. Reinke's edema remains a cause of chronic dysphonia that is difficult to manage. This review provides perspectives on current and future management of Reinke's edema. Results Reinke's edema impacts <1% of the population. The excessive mass is seen in polypoid degeneration results in a loss of pitch control and a rough voice. Women are more likely to present for treatment as the characteristic lowering of vocal pitch is more noticeable in women than men. Multiple grading systems have been proposed within the literature. The current standard of care is surgical excision, after smoking cessation. The microflap technique remains the approach of choice for bulky lesions. Surgical management of Reinke's edema has evolved with the introduction of various lasers into otolaryngologic practice; some which can now be used in the office setting. While many management approaches have been described within the literature, there is a little direct comparison and no obvious superior method of Reinke's edema management. Conclusion To date, the biology of Reinke's edema is not well understood. Additional research is needed further elucidate the role of uncontrolled reflux in the development and recurrence of Reinke's edema.

Molecular Regulation of Porcine Skeletal Muscle Development: Insights from Research on CDC23 Expression and Function

“…Cyclin E and CCND1 can bind to cyclin-dependent protein kinases to control cell cycle progression, such as the G1-S and G2-M transition [42,43]. The expression of Ki67 is closely associated with cell proliferation and growth and is commonly used as a proliferation marker in various tumor lesions [44,45]. The results of this study indicated a positive correlation between the expression levels of CDC23 and the genes CCNB1 and Ki67 during skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation.…”

Obrzęk Reinkego – możliwości rehabilitacji logopedycznej (studium przypadku)

“…Chmiel i in., 2009;Barry, Vaezi, 2010;Milaniuk i in., 2015, s. 18-21]. Hoffman, 2022;Miłoński, 2022, s. 191-193]. Zmiany obrzękowe są często wynikiem długotrwałego współdziałania wymienionych czynników.…”

Impact of the Severity of Reinke’s Edema on the Parameters of Voice

“…In the management of RE, smoking cessation, anti-reflux medication, and voice therapy are recommended to help reduce the edema; however, patients whose voice quality does not improve with these therapies need surgery. To ensure improved voice rehabilitation after surgery, it is essential to continue voice therapy and anti-reflux treatment for a long period and avoid smoking ( 7 ).…”

“…Different degrees of dysphonia are seen in patients with RE. It has also been noted that patients could develop dyspnea depending on the extent of the edema and the airway obstruction ( 7 ). The most typical symptoms in these patients are thickening of the voice, vocal fatigue, a reduced vocal range, and the inability to produce high-pitched voices.…”