Reinforcing saccadic amplitude variability in a visual search task

Madelain, Laurent

doi:10.1167/14.13.20

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Second, the rewarding value of visual targets seen in foveal vision has been demonstrated in previous studies. The clear vision of targets can reinforce saccadic latencies, speed, and amplitudes in monkeys (Dorris, Pare, & Munoz, 2000) and in humans (Collins, 2012;Madelain, Paeye, & Wallman, 2011;Montagnini & Chelazzi, 2005;Schütz, Kerzel, & Souto, 2014;Xu-Wilson, Zee, & Shadmehr, 2009), as well as saccade sequences made during visual search (Paeye & Madelain, 2014;Paeye, Schütz, & Gegenfurtner, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Calibration of peripheral perception of shape with and without saccadic eye movements

Collins

Cavanagh

Herwig

2018

Atten Percept Psychophys

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The cortical representations of a visual object differ radically across saccades. Several studies claim that the visual system adapts the peripheral percept to better match the subsequent foveal view. Recently, Herwig, Weiß, and Schneider (2015, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1339(1), 97-105) found that the perception of shape demonstrates a saccade-dependent learning effect. Here, we ask whether this learning actually requires saccades. We replicated Herwig et al.'s (2015) study and introduced a fixation condition. In a learning phase, participants were exposed to objects whose shape systematically changed during a saccade, or during a displacement from peripheral to foveal vision (without a saccade). In a subsequent test, objects were perceived as less (more) curved if they previously changed from more circular (triangular) in the periphery to more triangular (circular) in the fovea. Importantly, this pattern was seen both with and without saccades. We then tested whether a variable delay between the presentations of the peripheral and foveal objects would affect their association-hypothetically weakening it at longer delays. Again, we found that shape judgments depended on the changes experienced during the learning phase and that they were similar in both the saccade and fixation conditions. Surprisingly, they were not affected by the delay between the peripheral and foveal presentations over the range we tested. These results suggest that a general associative process, independent of saccade execution, contributes to the perception of shape across viewpoints.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Calibration of peripheral perception of shape with and without saccadic eye movements

Collins

Cavanagh

Herwig

2018

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…Hayes and Henderson (2017) found that variations in scan patterns explain a large portion of the variance in individuals’ working memory capacity, speed of processing, and intelligence. Moreover, individual differences in scan patterns seem to be fairly stable across different types of tasks, even when adopting a rigid scan pattern may not be optimal (Andrews & Coppola, 1999; Henderson & Luke, 2014; Mehoudar, Arizpe, Baker, & Yovel, 2014; Paeye & Madelain, 2014; Poynter, Barber, Inman, & Wiggins, 2013; Rayner, Li, Williams, Cave, & Well, 2007). In addition, scan patterns reveal a great deal about an individual’s search strategy, such as a preference for speed or accuracy (Hogeboom & van Leeuwen, 1997).…”

Section: What Can We Learn About Medical Image Perception From Basic mentioning

confidence: 99%

What do we know about volumetric medical image interpretation?: a review of the basic science and medical image perception literatures

Williams

Drew

2019

Cogn. Research

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Interpretation of volumetric medical images represents a rapidly growing proportion of the workload in radiology. However, relatively little is known about the strategies that best guide search behavior when looking for abnormalities in volumetric images. Although there is extensive literature on two-dimensional medical image perception, it is an open question whether the conclusions drawn from these images can be generalized to volumetric images. Importantly, volumetric images have distinct characteristics (e.g., scrolling through depth, smooth-pursuit eye-movements, motion onset cues, etc.) that should be considered in future research. In this manuscript, we will review the literature on medical image perception and discuss relevant findings from basic science that can be used to generate predictions about expertise in volumetric image interpretation. By better understanding search through volumetric images, we may be able to identify common sources of error, characterize the optimal strategies for searching through depth, or develop new training and assessment techniques for radiology residents.

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“…Because biological constraints are known to have a substantial impact on operant conditioning (e.g., Domjan & Galef, 1983), one explanation for these effects is that the extraneous reinforcing consequences commonly used so far might be less biologically relevant than the ones obtained in natural settings (i.e., foveating the targeted object). In line with the fact that acquisition of information is reinforcing (Wyckoff, 1952), some studies demonstrated that visual consequences could as well act as a reinforcer for saccadic amplitude (Madelain, Paeye, & Wallman, 2011;Meermeier et al, 2017;Paeye & Madelain, 2014). It has also been shown that humans exhibit shorter latencies when the target remains visible after the saccade than when it is systematically extinguished (Collins, 2012).…”

Section: Reinforcersmentioning

confidence: 87%

Discriminative control of saccade latencies

Vullings

Madelain

2019

Journal of Vision

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Recent studies have demonstrated that saccadic reaction times (SRTs) are influenced by the temporal regularities of dynamic environments (Vullings & Madelain, 2018). Here, we ask whether discriminative control (i.e., the possibility to use external stimuli signaling the future state of the environment) of latencies in a search task might be established using reinforcement contingencies. Eight participants made saccades within 80-750 ms toward a target displayed among distractors. We constructed two latency classes, ''short'' and ''long,'' using the first and last quartiles of the individual baseline distributions. We then used a latency-contingent display paradigm in which finding the visual target among other items was made contingent upon specific SRTs. For a first group, the postsaccadic target was displayed only following short latencies with leftward saccades, and following long latencies with rightward saccades. The opposite was true for a second group. When short-and long-latency saccades were reinforced (i.e., the target was displayed) depending on the saccade direction, median latencies differed by 74 ms on average (all outside the 98% null hypothesis confidence intervals). Posttraining, in the absence of reinforcement, we still observed strong differences in latency distributions, averaging 64 ms for leftward versus rightward saccades. Our results demonstrate the discriminative control of SRTs, further supporting the effects of reinforcement learning for saccade. This study reveals that saccade triggering is finely controlled by learned temporal and spatial properties of the environment using predictive mechanisms.

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Reinforcing saccadic amplitude variability in a visual search task

Cited by 5 publications

References 99 publications

Calibration of peripheral perception of shape with and without saccadic eye movements

Calibration of peripheral perception of shape with and without saccadic eye movements

What do we know about volumetric medical image interpretation?: a review of the basic science and medical image perception literatures

Discriminative control of saccade latencies

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