Reinforcement sensitivity theory and adult attachment: A replication study

Shahzadi, Kimiya; Walker, Benjimen R.

doi:10.1007/s12144-020-00685-5

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST) is a biologically based theory of personality which may address both how and why particular personality variables predict aggressive behavior (Corr, 2008, 2013; Corr & Perkins, 2009; Farrell & Walker, 2019a, 2019b; Shahzadi & Walker, 2019, 2020). According to rRST, aggressive behavior is the outcome of the interplay of three major neuropsychological systems underlying personality which mediate threat stimuli, generate emotion, and motivate approach-avoidance behavior (Corr & Perkins, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Impact of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory on Aggressive Behavior

Parker

Farrell

Walker

2020

J Interpers Violence

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Why some people, and not others, exhibit aggression remains unknown. Research points to certain personality traits being linked to either proactive or reactive aggression, or both. The current study attempts to address these gaps from the perspective of revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST). Using 146 participants, results revealed Behavioral Approach System (BAS)-Impulsivity and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) predicted proactive and reactive aggression. Defensive Fight predicted reactive aggression. BAS-Impulsivity predicted proactive aggression partially mediated by Social Dominance Orientation. These findings suggest proactive and reactive aggression are motivated by a combination of anxiety and rapid, approach-motivational personality traits. This study provides further understanding of the specific relations between rRST and aggression, is integrated into the general aggression model, and has implications for treatment of aggressive individuals.

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confidence: 99%

The Impact of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory on Aggressive Behavior

Parker

Farrell

Walker

2020

J Interpers Violence

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“…In other disorders, such as depression, attachment and motivational systems have been identified as treatment risk factors, negatively affecting duration and prognosis (Huh et al, 2020). In addition, a positive relationship between BIS punishment sensitivity and BAS reinforcement sensitivity has been observed with anxious IAS (Huh et al, 2020;Shahzadi & Walker, 2022), BIS punishment sensitivity and the avoidant IAS (Lan & Wang, 2020;Shahzadi & Walker, 2022). Furthermore, BAS is negatively related to avoidant IAS (Huh et al, 2020;Shahzadi & Walker, 2022).…”

Section: Ias and Bis And Basmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a positive relationship between BIS punishment sensitivity and BAS reinforcement sensitivity has been observed with anxious IAS (Huh et al, 2020; Shahzadi & Walker, 2022), BIS punishment sensitivity and the avoidant IAS (Lan & Wang, 2020; Shahzadi & Walker, 2022). Furthermore, BAS is negatively related to avoidant IAS (Huh et al, 2020; Shahzadi & Walker, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence indicates that there is a direct relationship between IAS and AN (Cortés‐García et al, 2021; Forsén et al, 2019; Monteleone et al, 2017; Szalai, 2020), between BIS/BAS and AN (Becerra, 2010; Keating et al, 2016; Minnick et al, 2017; Murcia et al, 2009), and between IAS and BIS/BAS (Huh et al, 2020; Lan & Wang, 2020; Shahzadi & Walker, 2022). Based on this background and context, this study aims to identify the existence of possible joint relationships between the IAS, the BIS/BAS and AN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attachment, motivational systems and anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and proposed framework for eating disorders

Budia

Hera

Fernández-Muñóz

et al. 2023

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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IntroductionThere is a direct association between patients with insecure attachment style (IAS), behavioural inhibition (BIS) and behavioural activation (BAS) motivational systems, and anorexia nervosa (AN). However, the possible direct relationships between these three variables have not been studied.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study is to analyse the relationship between these variables and propose a framework for analysing and understanding these relationships.MethodologyA systematic review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, searching the following terms: ‘anorexia’, ‘attachment’ and those related to motivational systems. The final search was limited to publications in English dated between 2014–2022 for ‘anorexia and attachment’ and 2010–2022 for ‘anorexia and BIS/BAS’.ResultsOf the 587 articles retrieved, 30 were included in this study for the textual data analysis of the relationship between anorexia and attachment (17), anorexia and motivational systems (10) and anorexia, attachment and motivational systems (3). An association between avoidant IAS, AN and hypersensitivity to punishment of the BIS was observed in the analysis. A relationship was also observed with hyperreinforcement sensitivity of the BAS. After reviewing the articles, a possible relationship between the three factors, along with other mediating factors, was found.DiscussionAN is directly related to the avoidant IAS and to BIS. Similarly, bulimia nervosa (BN) was directly related with anxious IAS and BAS. However, contradictions were found in the BN–BAS relationship. This study proposes a framework for analysing and understanding these relationships.

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“…Attachment avoidance has indeed been associated with lower ratings of pleasantness for social positive images (e.g., people playing together), but not for non‐social positive images (e.g., a tropical island; Vrtička et al, 2012), suggesting those high in attachment avoidance may demonstrate differential reactions to positive stimuli depending on their social nature. However, if attachment avoidance was found to be negatively associated with the experience of positive emotions regardless of their social relevance, then other explanations such as general insensitivity to pleasant experiences (rather than defensive avoidance of social closeness) become more plausible (e.g., Jiang & Tiliopoulos, 2014; but see Shahzadi & Walker, 2022). Overall, examining the links between both dimensions of attachment insecurity and positive emotion with both more and less social relevance may be valuable for accounting for the nature of the positive emotion experiences (or lack thereof) of those higher in attachment insecurity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta‐analytic evidence that attachment insecurity is associated with less frequent experiences of discrete positive emotions

Park

Sanscartier

Impett

et al. 2022

Journal of Personality

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ObjectiveIndividual differences in attachment insecurity can have important implications for experiences of positive emotions. However, existing research on the link between attachment insecurity and positive emotional experiences has typically used a composite measure of positive emotions, overlooking the potential importance of differentiating discrete emotions.MethodWe conducted a meta‐analysis of 10 cross‐sectional samples (N = 3215), examining how attachment insecurity is associated with self‐reported frequency of experiencing positive emotions, with a distinction made between more social (i.e., love and gratitude) and less social (i.e., peace and awe or curiosity) positive emotions.ResultsHigh (vs. low) levels of both attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with less frequent experience of positive emotions regardless of their social relevance. When analyzing each emotion separately, we found that attachment anxiety showed negative relations to all emotions except gratitude. Attachment avoidance was negatively associated with all emotions, and the link was even stronger with love (vs. peace, awe, or curiosity). Additional analyses of daily diary data revealed that attachment anxiety and avoidance were also negatively associated with daily experiences of positive emotions, regardless of social relevance.ConclusionOur results underscore the need to further investigate the mechanisms underlying insecure individuals' blunted positive emotional experiences.

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Reinforcement sensitivity theory and adult attachment: A replication study

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

The Impact of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory on Aggressive Behavior

The Impact of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory on Aggressive Behavior

Attachment, motivational systems and anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and proposed framework for eating disorders

Meta‐analytic evidence that attachment insecurity is associated with less frequent experiences of discrete positive emotions

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