Reinforcement of Elastomers by Particulate Fillers

Medalia, A. I.; Kraus, G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-051667-7.50013-5

Cited by 70 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Generally, the drop in the tensile strength has been attributed to the reduction of the polymer fraction in the transverse cross-section of the polymer [27], which becomes an even greater issue due to the extremely large surface area of the filler used, and the presence of stress concentration around the filler's particles [28]. However, there are also reported that in some polymers like polyurethanes the tensile strength can increases by increasing the CN content [29], while the most characteristic example is rubber reinforced by CN, which results in increased Young's modulus and tensile strength [30]. In our case such enhancement in tensile strength was not achieved maybe due to the e aggregates than CN are formed into PP matrix.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nanocomposites of isotactic polypropylene with carbon nanoparticles exhibiting enhanced stiffness, thermal stability and gas barrier properties

Vassiliou¹,

Bikiaris²,

Chrissafis³

et al. 2008

Composites Science and Technology

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Stavrev, et al.. Nanocomposites of isotactic polypropylene with carbon nanoparticles exhibiting enhanced stiffness, thermal stability and gas barrier properties. Composites Science and Technology, Elsevier, 2009, 68 (3-4) AbstractCarbon nanoparticles (CN), synthesized by a shock wave propagation method from the free carbon of the explosive, were dispersed in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) using a twin screw corotating extruder. These materials were analyzed for their tensile properties, crystallization morphology, thermal stability under N 2 , O 2 and air, as well as their permeability rates for N 2 , O 2 and CO 2 . Young's modulus was significantly enhanced, as was the tensile strength at the yield point, although at a smaller extent. However, the tensile strength and elongation at the break point slightly deteriorated with the increase of the filler's concentration. This behavior was attributed to the increase tendency of CN to form aggregates into iPP matrix by increasing its content. The size of aggregates, as was evaluated by extended micro-Raman mapping, is ranged from 1 up to 5 m. The nanoparticles caused a significant reduction of the iPP chain's mobility leading to smaller and less ordered crystallites, with the appearance of -phase crystallites at CN content 5 wt%. In inert atmosphere (N 2 ) the presence of the nanoparticles caused a shift of the starting decomposition temperature (T d ), from 368 up to 418.6 o C, while, under oxygen, thermal decomposition was more complex, displaying more than two stages. The T d was slightly lowered, up to a filler content of 2.5 wt%, with the nanoparticles exhibiting a catalytic role at the beginning of the polymer's decomposition. Under air, the degradation behavior was between ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 those exhibited in inert and O 2 atmospheres. Permeability rates for the gases measured were substantially lowered with increasing filler content.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nanocomposites of isotactic polypropylene with carbon nanoparticles exhibiting enhanced stiffness, thermal stability and gas barrier properties

Vassiliou¹,

Bikiaris²,

Chrissafis³

et al. 2008

Composites Science and Technology

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“…The obvious perceptive of the reinforcing effect of nanocomposites is important in the design of nanomaterials with desirable properties. The reinforcement of spherical fillers is primarily due to hydrodynamic interactions between the rubber and filler surfaces [1]. Sternstein et al [2] have found experimentally that the mechanism for reinforcement in nanocomposites can be attributed to filler matrix interactions, rather than filler agglomeration or percolation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Non-linear Viscoelastic Behaviour of Rubber-Rubber Blend Composites and Nanocomposites: Effect of Spherical, Layered and Tubular Fillers

Nair

George

Joseph

2014

Non-Linear Viscoelasticity of Rubber Composites and Nanocomposites

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This chapter deals with the non-linear viscoelastic behaviour of rubberrubber blend composites and nanocomposites with fillers of different particle size. The dynamic viscoelastic behaviour of the composites has been discussed with reference to the filler geometry, distribution, size and loading. The filler characteristics such as particle size, geometry, specific surface area and the surface structural features are found to be the key parameters influencing the Payne effect. Non-linear decrease of storage modulus with increasing strain has been observed for the unfilled vulcanizates. The addition of spherical or near-spherical filler particles always increase the level of both the linear and the non-linear viscoelastic properties. However, the addition of high-aspect-ratio, fiber-like fillers increase the elasticity as well as the viscosity.

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“…For samples with silanized mica, swelling sorption of polymer segments at several sites of a filler particle, which effectively introduces giant multifunctional crosslinks into the system and increases the network chain density. 29 Effect of bridging via silanization on mica reinforcement is observed by an increase in tensile strength for both types of polybutadienes. It is well known that if there is adhesion between polymer and filler, tensile strength of the composite increases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Swelling and static-dynamic mechanical behavior of mica-reinforced linear and star-branched polybutadiene composites

Nugay

Küsefoǧlu

Erman

1997

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Physical properties of mica-reinforced linear (LPB) and star-branched polybutadiene (SPB) composites have been studied with special reference to the effect of silane coupling agent, degree of crosslinking, and degree of mica loading, as well as the molecular architecture of polybutadienes. Tensile properties increase and swelling decreases with addition of mica for linear polybutadiene. Star-branched polybutadiene shows a reverse behavior, especially beyond 5% of mica. The improvements in mechanical properties are more pronounced in the case of silane-treated mica compositions of both type of polybutadienes. Dynamic mechanical spectra were obtained for linear and star-branched polybutadienes. Effects of mica loading and silane treatment on dynamic moduli are discussed. Dynamic mechanical moduli ( E, EЉ) of composites increase with increasing mica content for linear polybutadiene but decrease for star-branched polybutadiene beyond certain mica loadings. Effective damping regions were determined in terms of frequency and temperature. The glass transition temperature (T g ) increased slightly, and the damping peak (tan d) broadened due to the rubber-filler interaction, especially after silane treatment for both polymers.

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Reinforcement of Elastomers by Particulate Fillers

Cited by 70 publications

References 80 publications

Nanocomposites of isotactic polypropylene with carbon nanoparticles exhibiting enhanced stiffness, thermal stability and gas barrier properties

Nanocomposites of isotactic polypropylene with carbon nanoparticles exhibiting enhanced stiffness, thermal stability and gas barrier properties

Non-linear Viscoelastic Behaviour of Rubber-Rubber Blend Composites and Nanocomposites: Effect of Spherical, Layered and Tubular Fillers

Swelling and static-dynamic mechanical behavior of mica-reinforced linear and star-branched polybutadiene composites

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