Reinforcement learning for licensed-assisted access of LTE in the unlicensed spectrum

Abstract

In order to coexist with the WiFi systems in the unlicensed spectrum, Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks can utilize periodically configured transmission gaps. In this paper, considering a time division duplex (TDD)-LTE system, we propose a Q-Learning based dynamic duty cycle selection technique for configuring LTE transmission gaps, so that a satisfactory throughput is maintained both for LTE and WiFi systems. By explicitly taking the impact of IEEE 802.11n beacon transmission mechanism into account, we evaluate the coexistence performance of WiFi and LTE using the proposed technique. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can enhance the overall capacity performance by 19% and WiFi capacity performance by 77%, hence enabling effective coexistence of LTE and WiFi systems in the unlicensed band.

Survey of Spectrum Sharing for Inter-Technology Coexistence

“…Consequently, it is not clear whether these mathematical optimization approaches result in performance improvements over conventional CW adaptation approaches, especially in realistic deployments. 5) Wi-Fi/Duty-Cycle-LTE Coexistence: The following work in the literature considered Wi-Fi/duty-cycle-LTE coexistence [121], [122], [124], [127], [130], [132]- [134], [139], [143], [145], [153], [155], [156], [163]- [168]. a) Fixed duty cycle: The authors in [122], [127], [139], [153], [155], [163] considered LTE with fixed duty cycle.…”

“…c) Adaptive duty cycle: The authors in [130], [133], [134], [143], [145], [155], [156], [163], [165]- [168] considered LTE with adaptive duty cycle. We note that, although duty cycling for LTE can be implemented based on the existing subframe blanking specifications, algorithms that adapt the duty cycle require more advanced features, e.g.…”

“…We note that, although duty cycling for LTE can be implemented based on the existing subframe blanking specifications, algorithms that adapt the duty cycle require more advanced features, e.g. monitoring the channel (potentially via an additional Wi-Fi interface) VIII-D INTER-TECHNOLOGY COEXISTENCE GOALS AND PERFORMANCE FOR LITERATURE REVIEW OF SPECTRUM SHARING AMONG BROADBAND TECHNOLOGIES IN A SPECTRUM COMMONS IN TABLE VIII-A: WI-FI/DUTY-CYCLE-LTE Technologies Coexistence Goals Performance Evaluation method metric network size Wi-Fi/ dutycycle-LTE [121], [122], [124], [127], [130], [132]- [134], [139], [143], [145], [153], [155]- [157], [163]- [168] Impact on Wi-Fi −no baseline [167]; −vs. coexistence with itself [132], [133], [145], [145], [153], [155]- [157], [165], [166]; −vs.…”

LBT Enhancement for LTE-LAA Fair Coexistence

“…In the one hand a time sharing approach between LTE and Wi-Fi, this method called LTE-U (non 3GPP standard) is based on duty-cycle coexistence. The LTE-U system is tuned on during a period of time and turned off for the rest of the cycle [22], [23]. In the other hand, two standardized access procedures were proposed by 3GPP: LTE Wi-Fi link Aggregation (LWA) and LAA.…”

Energy-Aware Adaptive Spectrum Access and Power Allocation in LAA Networks via Lyapunov Optimization

“…[6]- [8] design coexistence mechanisms, such as an almost blank sub-frame (ABS) scheme, an interference avoidance scheme [6], and adaptive listen-before-talk (LBT) mechanism [6], [8]. To improve the system throughput, [9] proposes a Q-Learning based dynamic duty cycle selection technique for configuring LTE transmission gaps.…”