Reinforcement aftereffects and intertrial interval.

Katz, Sanford; Woods, George T.; Carrithers, Judith H.

doi:10.1037/h0023801

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Only when this ISI was short did performance improve over a session. This, by itself, is hardly a surprising result because it has often been found that the rate of change in responding to a stimulus is slower when trials are spaced apart and quicker when massed together in time (e.g., Bloomfield, 1967;Heise, Keller, Khavari, & Laughlin, 1969;Katz, Woods, & Carrithers, 1966;Mackintosh, 1970).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of interstimulus interval on the discrimination of cryptic targets.

Plaisted¹

1997

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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In 4 experiments, pigeons were required to discriminate between the presence and absence of cryptic targets. Experiments compared performance when 1 stimulus type appeared in a session (run condition) with performance when 2 types appeared intermixed (mixed condition). When the interstnnulus interval (ISI) was short between successive presentations of the same stimulus, within-session improvements occurred in both run and mixed conditions (Experiments 1, 2, and 3). Experiment 4 showed that within-session improvements can occur as a result of mini-runs of 1 stimulus type followed by mini-runs of the other. These results suggest that several independent memory traces may be primed simultaneously and that performance is determined by the extent to which traces of stimuli have decayed by the time of their next presentation.The research reported here was supported by a grant from the United Kingdom Science and Engineering Research Council. I am very grateful to N. J. Mackintosh for his expert advice regarding these experiments and for his comments on a draft of this article.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of interstimulus interval on the discrimination of cryptic targets.

Plaisted¹

1997

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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“…Apparently rats can acquire certain information about simple sequences of reinforcement under massed trials (cf. Katz et al, 1966;Surridge, 1968). However, the results of the current study did not show that the animals were using n-length information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint effects of pattern of reinforcement, intertrial interval, and amount of reinforcement in the rat.

Jernstedt¹

1971

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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The joint effects of patterns of reinforcement (composed of different values of n length, number of N-R transitions, and total number of nonreinforcements), large and small amounts of reinforcement, and massed and spaced trials on acquisition and both initial and terminal extinction were observed. Greater total numbers of nonreinforcements produced greater resistance to extinction, particularly early in extinction. Massed trials produced greater resistance to extinction than spaced trials, but only later in extinction. Large amounts of reward resulted in more resistance to extinction than small amounts for partially reinforced animals, but the opposite for continuously reinforced animals. A three-way interaction between pattern, amount, and intertrial interval was not found. The main effects and interactions are best explained by a frustration mechanism.

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“…Several experiments (e.g., Franchina & Sparling, 1973;Katz, Woods, & Carrithers, 1966) have shown patterning in rats given single alternation (SA) of sucrose reward and nonreward with more than two trials/day, but their use of nonreward precludes assessment of the discriminability of the aftereffects of different sucrose magnitudes. SA of large and small solid food rewards has been studied only rarely (Bloom, Williams, & Metze, 1973), but published accounts of SA with different sucrose magnitudes are nonexistent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sequences of sucrose reward magnitudes with short ITIs in rats

Burns

1976

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Two experiments assessed the role of aftereffect learning in rats rewarded with sucrose solutions. In Experiment I, rats were trained in a single straight runway for two trials on each of 18 days, each trial terminating with either large (20% scurose) or small (3% sucrose) reward. The ITI was 3-5 min. The sequence of daily rewards for each of four groups was small-small (SS), small-large, (SL), large-small (LS), or large-large (LL). Response patterning and a simultaneous negative contrast effect were observed in LS and SL relative to the consistently rewarded controls. During 10 massed extinction trials, resistance to extinction was greatest for Group SL, followed in order by Groups SS, LL, and LS. Experiment 2 examined single alternation of large and small rewards administered for 10 trials on each of 31 days with an ITI of 60 sec. Reward for one group was 20% or 3% sucrose while another received 1 or 10 45-mg Noyes pellets. Appropriate patterning developed only in the food-pellet rewarded animals. The overall results suggest that sucrose rewards may produce highamplitude and long-duration aftereffects which interfere with learning in designs employing several massed daily trials, but which may facilitate learning-relative to food-pellet rewards-with longer intertrial intervals and fewer daily trials.

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Reinforcement aftereffects and intertrial interval.

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

The effect of interstimulus interval on the discrimination of cryptic targets.

The effect of interstimulus interval on the discrimination of cryptic targets.

Joint effects of pattern of reinforcement, intertrial interval, and amount of reinforcement in the rat.

Effects of sequences of sucrose reward magnitudes with short ITIs in rats

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