Reinforced Concrete Degradation in the Harsh Climates of the Arabian Gulf: Field Study on 30-to-50-Year-Old Structures

Sohail, Muazzam Ghous; Kahraman, Ramazan; Özerkan, Nesibe Gözde; Al‐Nuaimi, Nasser; Gencturk, Bora; Dawood, Mina; Belarbi, Abdeldjelil

doi:10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001204

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Repeating such analysis at different steps of the structural age, some interpolating functions expressing the P LS evolution during time should be evaluated, enabling the evaluation of the equivalent constant rate (P LS ECR ) and the average rate (P LS AVG ) expressed in Equations ( 12) and (13).…”

Section: Evaluation Of the P Ls And Extension To The Case Of Ageing Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, using Equations ( 6) and (10), it is possible to evaluate the P LS and the return period T R , defined as the inverse of P LS . Tables 7 and 8 report for both scenarios some comparisons between the return period "T R, 0 y "-estimated by neglecting the variation of mechanical properties due to ageing-and the return period "T R ECR ", estimated by means of Equation (12), which is able to take into account the ever-changing risk faced by the building over its design life, as formulated in [13]. The differences arising between the two and the ratios between these differences and "T R, 0 y " are shown as well.…”

Section: Evaluation Of P Lsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In principle, the safety and serviceability assessment of RC structures should consider the time-dependent variation of the structural response due to degradation phenomena [13]. Adopting a fibre discretisation of transverse sections, it is easy to implement the progressive effects of material degradation (in terms of loss of concrete cover and the reduction in steel rebar area) in the structural model [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In reality, the increasing deterioration of concrete as well as the progressive corrosion of reinforcing bars may lead to significant a reduction in structural reliability, with respect to the initial values at both ultimate and serviceability limit states [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Practice-Oriented Procedure for Seismic Reliability Assessment of RC Structures Affected by Carbonation-Induced Degradation

2021

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Existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in Europe have generally been designed without proper consideration of seismic actions and capacity design principles, and thus they tend to be vulnerable to earthquakes. Moreover, since a significant proportion of the aforementioned buildings were developed during the 1950s and 1960s, they are currently close to the end of their service life. Therefore, seismic assessment of existing RC building is a major issue in structural engineering and construction management, and the related seismic analyses should take into account the effect of material ageing and degradation. This paper proposes a practice-oriented procedure for quantifying seismic reliability, taking into account the main effects of carbonation-induced degradation phenomena. It summarizes the main aspects of the most up-to-date models for the seismic degradation of concrete and RC members and shows how nonlinear static (pushover) analyses can be utilized (in lieu of the most time-consuming non-linear time history analyses) in quantifying seismic reliability with respect to the performance levels of relevance in seismic engineering. A relevant case study is finally considered with the aim to showing how some parameters, such as exposure class and cover thickness, affect the resulting seismic reliability of existing RC buildings.

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Section: Evaluation Of the P Ls And Extension To The Case Of Ageing Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of P Lsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Practice-Oriented Procedure for Seismic Reliability Assessment of RC Structures Affected by Carbonation-Induced Degradation

2021

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“…The Arabian Gulf region is one such example where temperature frequently crosses 50°C and RH 80 percent with a higher chloride concentration in air. Such extreme environmental conditions cause rapid and severe corrosion of the steel reinforcement and instigate the deterioration of RC structures well before the designed service life (Sohail et al , 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion performance of mild steel and epoxy coated rebar in concrete under simulated harsh environment

Sohail

Salih

Al‐Nuaimi

et al. 2019

IJBPA

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a two-year long study carried out in order to evaluate the corrosion performance of mild steel bare bars (BB) and epoxy-coated rebar (ECR) in concrete under a simulated harsh environment of chlorides. Design/methodology/approach The blocks are subjected to Southern Exposure testing. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (LPR) and Tafel plot are performed to measure the polarization resistance and corrosion current densities of these rebars. Knife-peel test was performed to assess the adhesion between epoxy and underlying steel after two years of exposure. Findings Mild steel BB showed a high corrosion current density of 1.24 µA/ cm2 in Tafel plots and a very low polarization resistance of 4.5 kΩ cm2 in LPR technique, whereas very high charge transfer resistance of 1672 and 1675 kΩ cm2 is observed on ECR and ECR with controlled damage (ECRCD), through EIS technique, respectively. EIS is observed to be a suitable tool to detect the defects in epoxy coatings. After two years of immersion in 3.89 percent NaCl− solution, the mild steel BB were severely corroded and a considerable weight loss was observed, whereas under heavy chloride attack, ECR showed no deterioration of epoxy coating and neither any corrosion of underlying steel. Results of this study show that the durability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with respect to corrosion could be enhanced by using ECR, especially in harsh climatic conditions. Originality/value The corrosion performance of mild steel and ECR in concrete under a simulating splash zone environment is evaluated. EIS was used to evaluate the health of epoxy and corrosion state of underneath steel rebars. EIS was able to detect the defects in epoxy. The durability of RC structures could be enhanced in harsh climate regions by using ECR.

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Electrochemical corrosion parameters for active and passive reinforcing steel in carbonated and sound concrete

Sohail

Laurens

Deby

et al. 2021

Materials & Corrosion

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The electrochemical corrosion parameters, such as corrosion potential, corrosion current density, and the Tafel constants are necessary inputs for the corrosion modeling in reinforced concrete. Literature shows large variability in their values, whereas the data are scarce for the carbonated concrete. This paper presents a range of corrosion parameters for the active steel in carbonated and the passive steel in noncarbonated concrete. Forty-eight singly reinforced concrete cylinders were cast, of which 24 were carbonated and the others were sound samples. Potentiodynamic polarization curves were obtained at three different scan rates and extrapolated to extract the corrosion parameters. To validate these parameters, a macrocell corrosion system was simulated using FEM-based Comsol multiphysics® software. The numerical results were compared to two experimental studies. A natural dispersion in the values of corrosion parameters for both active and passive steels was observed.The average Stern-Geary constant was 54 and 47 mV for active and passive steels, respectively. Numerical simulations with the obtained parameters predicted the macrocell corrosion in partially carbonated concrete with a high accuracy. The presented values of corrosion parameters in this study could help researchers and engineers to simulate the corrosion phenomena in concrete accurately.carbonation of concrete, corrosion parameters, numerical modeling of corrosion, reinforcement corrosion in concrete, Tafel plots | INTRODUCTIONCorrosion in reinforced concrete (RC) has become a significant cause of the deterioration of civil infrastructure and a massive burden on the global economy. Although, the concrete cover provides physical and chemical protection to the rebar thanks to its basic pH (~13), which enables a passive layer at reinforcement and hinders corrosion. [1,2] However, carbonation in concrete lowers the pH below 9, which destroys the passive layer and initiates the corrosion process. Corrosion initiation in RC structures takes several years, and the artificially This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Reinforced Concrete Degradation in the Harsh Climates of the Arabian Gulf: Field Study on 30-to-50-Year-Old Structures

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

A Practice-Oriented Procedure for Seismic Reliability Assessment of RC Structures Affected by Carbonation-Induced Degradation

A Practice-Oriented Procedure for Seismic Reliability Assessment of RC Structures Affected by Carbonation-Induced Degradation

Corrosion performance of mild steel and epoxy coated rebar in concrete under simulated harsh environment

Electrochemical corrosion parameters for active and passive reinforcing steel in carbonated and sound concrete

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