Reinforced concrete bridge exposed to extreme maritime environmental conditions and mechanical damage: Measurements and numerical simulation

Marić, Marija Kušter; Ožbolt, Joško; Balabanić, Gojko

doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.110078

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition, the concrete bridges are mainly focused herein due to the more prominent challenge of durability embedded in this structural type (Kušter Marić et al, 2020; Memon et al, 2019; Sun et al, 2020). For a planned route to be passed by CTV, the passage request can be authorized only when the following equation is satisfied:…”

Section: Serviceability Based Permit Checking Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permit checking of overloaded customized transport vehicle based on serviceability limit state reliability of concrete bridges

Yuan

Han

et al. 2020

Advances in Structural Engineering

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To increase the authorization efficiency of overloaded customized transport vehicle (CTV), a serviceability limit state (SLS) reliability based permit checking method for concrete bridges is proposed through the optimization towards critical load effect ratio. In this procedure, the SLS reliability of crack width and the SLS reliability of concrete stress in tensile region are analyzed for reinforced concrete (RC) and prestressed concrete (PC) structures, respectively. The durability requirements and a unified reliable level can be concentrated reflected by the optimized critical load effect ratio. The results show that it is unreasonable to take a uniform target reliability index for all routes in permit checking of CTV, a stricter authorization criterion should be adopted for a higher expected authorization frequency. For a specific route level, a fluctuant variation of critical load effect ratio can be found with the increasing of bridge span. By introducing an ultimate limit state (ULS) based safety checking procedure, it is found that the SLS based permit checking criterion is crucial and determinative for the authorization of CTV instead of the ULS.

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Section: Serviceability Based Permit Checking Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permit checking of overloaded customized transport vehicle based on serviceability limit state reliability of concrete bridges

Yuan

Han

et al. 2020

Advances in Structural Engineering

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“…Chlorides from de-icing salts cause corrosion of steel reinforcements and destruction of concrete in a dry climate when they crystallize and cause stress on pores in concrete [88][89][90][91][92][93]. According to [94], the chloride content in concrete is related to the mass of the cement and should not exceed 1% (when there are no metal elements), 0.20% or 0.40% (concrete with reinforcement and metal elements), and 0.20% (steel prestressing reinforcements).…”

Section: Free Chlorides Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concrete Examination of 100-Year-Old Bridge Structure above the Kłodnica River Flowing through the Agglomeration of Upper Silesia in Gliwice: A Case Study

et al. 2021

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The article analyzes the composition of concrete taken from various elements from a 100-year-old bridge in South Poland, so as to analyze its technical condition. The main methods applied during experimental work were: Designation of pH, free chloride content, salinity, XRD and SEM examinations, as well as metals determination using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ICP-MS, and cold-vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CV-AAS). The concrete of the bridge was strongly carbonated and decalcified with an extremely high content of chlorides. The pH of the concrete was in a range from 10.5 to 12.0. Acid soluble components were between 9.9% and 17.6%. Typical sulfate corrosion phases of concrete were not detected. Friedels’ salt was found only at the extremity of an arch. The crown block was corroded to the greatest extent. Various heavy metals were absorbed into the concrete, likely from previous centuries, when environmental protection policy was poor. The applied research methodology can be used on bridges exposed to specific external influences. The acquired knowledge can be useful in the management processes of the bridge infrastructure. It can help in making decisions about decommissioning or extending the life cycle of the bridge. This work should also sensitize researchers and decision-makers to the context of “bridge safety”.

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“…where k p is the normalized permeability coefficient, which is obtained by dividing the water permeability coefficient a(cw) of cracked concrete at the crack width cw by permeability of the uncracked concrete, a(cw 0 ). Based on the experimental results for water permeability in cracked and fully saturated concrete (Wang et al, 1997;Aldea et al, 2000), normalized permeability coefficient is calculated as (Ožbolt et al, 2010;Kušter Marić et al, 2020):…”

Section: Influence Of Cracks On Transport Processes In Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve more realistic numerical simulation, it is necessary to include the impact of cracks and damage, which used to be present in concrete of real structure due to shrinkage, thermal effects, loading, etc. This improvement has been made in several models, and it has been found that cracks in concrete significantly reduced depassivation time (Djerbi et al, 2008;Ožbolt et al, 2010;Jang et al, 2011;Šavija and Schlangen, 2011;Bentz et al, 2013;Gu et al, 2015;Hájková et al, 2018;Shayanfar et al, 2020;Imounga et al, 2020;Kušter Marić et al, 2020). In damaged concrete, chlorides penetrate quickly in crack, but with time increase, chloride penetrates also in region between cracks; hence, it is important to include 2D or 3D finite element (FE) model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are several model applications on existing bridges (Stipanović et al, 2010;Nguyen et al, 2017;Tesfamariam et al, 2018;Kušter Marić et al, 2020), there is still a big challenge to include service life prediction in bridge management worldwide due to complexity of transport and corrosion processes in reinforced concrete structures, but also due to difficulty in quantifying material-, mechanical-, and corrosionrelated parameters and their interaction. Namely, in order to realistically predict corrosion-induced damage of concrete structures, more sophisticated models based on the theory of transport processes and electrochemistry need to be developed and applied on existing structures for their verification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chloride Transport in Cracked Concrete Subjected to Wetting – Drying Cycles: Numerical Simulations and Measurements on Bridges Exposed to De-Icing Salts

Marić

Ožbolt

Balabanić

et al. 2020

Front. Built Environ.

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Although many models for service life predictions have been developed, their application to existing bridges is still not at a satisfactory level. The here presented coupled threedimensional chemo-hygro-thermo-mechanical (CHTM) model can realistically simulate both corrosion phases: initiation and propagation. The focus of this research is the transport processes in cracked and uncracked concrete before reinforcement depassivation. Realistic environmental conditions with the surface water and chloride contents variable in time are simulated based on the meteorological data for a mountain region in Croatia where case studies bridges are located. Application of the large quantities of de-icing salts in combination with the poorly designed and executed details resulted in a high chloride content in concrete of the superstructure of both bridges: at the reinforcement level, chloride content in cracked concrete elements exceeds the threshold value up to 10 times. Numerical results match well with the chloride content measured on the bridges after 11 and 14 years of service. Accounting for the realistic environmental conditions (wetting-drying cycles, application of de-icing salts only in the winter season, etc.) in the numerical simulations results in the continuous transport processes in concrete and higher chloride content in deeper concrete layers as opposed to the finite element models with the constant boundary conditions.

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Reinforced concrete bridge exposed to extreme maritime environmental conditions and mechanical damage: Measurements and numerical simulation

Cited by 20 publications

References 29 publications

Permit checking of overloaded customized transport vehicle based on serviceability limit state reliability of concrete bridges

Permit checking of overloaded customized transport vehicle based on serviceability limit state reliability of concrete bridges

Concrete Examination of 100-Year-Old Bridge Structure above the Kłodnica River Flowing through the Agglomeration of Upper Silesia in Gliwice: A Case Study

Chloride Transport in Cracked Concrete Subjected to Wetting – Drying Cycles: Numerical Simulations and Measurements on Bridges Exposed to De-Icing Salts

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