Reinfection rate in a cohort of healthcare workers over 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic

Guedes, Ana Rubia; Oliveira, Maura Salaroli de; Tavares, Bruno de Melo; Luna-Muschi, Alessandra; Lazari, Carolina dos Santos; Montal, Amanda Cardoso; Faria, Elizabeth de; Maia, Fernando Liebhart; Barboza, Antonio Dos Santos; Leme, Mariana Deckers; Tomazini, Francis M; Costa, Sílvia Figueiredo; Levin, Anna S.

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25908-6

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…The fourth year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the high numbers of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants [1-3] and re-infected persons [4][5][6], the lack of decreasing trends in the global numbers of new daily cases [7,8], and the expected very long duration of the Omicron wave [9] make us think about the constant circulation of the pathogen, that is, about the endemic stage of the disease. To illustrate the global trends, let us use the accumulated numbers of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases V j and deaths D j , the percentages of fully vaccinated people VC j and boosters BC j, and the results of calculation of the effective reproduction number R j [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Nesteruk

2023

Preprint

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The fourth year of the COVID-19 pandemic without decreasing trends in the global numbers of new daily cases, high numbers of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants and re-infections together with pessimistic predictions for the Omicron wave duration force studies about the endemic stage of the disease. The global trends were illustrated with the use the accumulated numbers of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths, the percentages of fully vaccinated people and boosters and the results of calculation of the effective reproduction number provided by Johns Hopkins University. The modified SIR model showed the presence of unsteady equilibrium. The global numbers of new daily cases will range between 300 thousand and one million, daily deaths – between one and 3.3 thousand.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Nesteruk

2023

Preprint

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“…At present, studies on the reinfection rate of different SARS-CoV-2 VOCs are limited, and the results of previous studies are not completely consistent. A cohort study from Brazil showed that the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate in health workers was 4.3% during the Omicron period, which was higher than the period before Omicron (0.8%) [ 36 ]. A meta-analysis including 91 studies showed that the pooled rate of reinfection was highest in the Omicron-predominant period (3.31%), followed by the Delta- (1.25%) and Alpha- (0.57%) predominant periods [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Compared with Primary Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Deng

Liu

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection has brought new challenges to the global prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, current studies suggest that there is still great uncertainty about the risk of severe COVID-19 and poor outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Random-effects inverse-variance models were used to evaluate the pooled prevalence (PP) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of severity, outcomes and symptoms of reinfection. Random-effects were used to estimate the pooled odds ratios (OR) and its 95%CI of severity and outcomes between reinfections and primary infections. Nineteen studies involving a total of 34,375 cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and 5,264,720 cases of SARS-CoV-2 primary infection were included in this meta-analysis. Among those SARS-CoV-2 reinfection cases, 41.77% (95%CI, 19.23–64.31%) were asymptomatic, and 51.83% (95%CI, 23.90–79.76%) were symptomatic, only 0.58% (95%CI, 0.031–1.14%) manifested as severe illness, and 0.04% (95%CI, 0.009–0.078%) manifested as critical illness. The PPs for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection-related hospitalization, admission to ICU, and death were, respectively, 15.48% (95%CI, 11.98–18.97%), 3.58% (95%CI, 0.39–6.77%), 2.96% (95%CI, 1.25–4.67%). Compared with SARS-CoV-2 primary infection cases, reinfection cases were more likely to present with mild illness (OR = 7.01, 95%CI, 5.83–8.44), and the risk of severe illness was reduced by 86% (OR = 0.14, 95%CI, 0.11–0.16). Primary infection provided some protection against reinfection and reduces the risk of symptomatic infection and severe illness. Reinfection did not contribute to extra risk of hospitalization, ICU, or death. It is suggested to scientifically understand the risk of reinfection of SARS-CoV-2, strengthen public health education, maintain healthy habits, and reduce the risk of reinfection.

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“…Since a recent study reported that most cases of reinfection occurred during the Omicron period, the very low proportion could be accounted for by the follow-up period ending on December 31, 2021, which was the beginning of the Omicron period. 32 Seventh, due to the limitations of an observational study, reverse causality could not be fully solved with MVPA and COVID-19 outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Physical Activity With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe Clinical Outcomes Among Patients in South Korea

et al. 2023

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ImportanceThe association of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with COVID-19 outcomes is unclear and needs to be investigated.ObjectiveTo identify the association of longitudinal changes in MVPA with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nested case-control study used data from 6 396 500 adult patients in South Korean who participated in National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) biennial health screenings from period 1 (2017-2018) to period 2 (2019-2020). Patients were followed from October 8, 2020, until the diagnosis of COVID-19 or December 31, 2021.ExposureModerate to vigorous physical activity was measured by self-report on questionnaires during both NHIS health screenings and calculated by adding the frequency (times per week) of each moderate (≥30 minutes per day) and vigorous (≥20 minutes per day) physical activity.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were a positive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 clinical events. Adjusted odds ratio (aORs) and 99% CIs were calculated using multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 183 350 patients with COVID-19 (mean [SD] age, 51.9 [13.8] years; female, 89 369 [48.7%]; male, 93 981 [51.3%]) among 2 110 268 participants were identified. For participants with vs without COVID-19, the proportion of MVPA frequency at period 2 was 35.8% vs 35.9% for physically inactive, 18.9% vs 18.9% for 1 to 2 times per week, 17.7% vs 17.7% for 3 to 4 times per week, and 27.5% vs 27.4% for 5 or more times per week. Among unvaccinated, physically inactive patients at period 1, the odds for infection increased when engaged in MVPA 1 to 2 times per week (aOR, 1.08; 99% CI, 1.01-1.15), 3 to 4 times per week (aOR, 1.09; 99% CI, 1.03-1.16), or 5 or more times per week (aOR, 1.10; 99% CI, 1.04-1.17) at period 2. Conversely, among unvaccinated patients with MVPA of 5 or more times per week at period 1, the odds for infection decreased when engaged 1 to 2 times per week (aOR, 0.90; 99% CI, 0.81-0.98) or physically inactive (aOR, 0.80; 99% CI, 0.73-0.87) at period 2. The trend of MVPA and incident infection was mitigated when participants were fully vaccinated. Furthermore, the odds for severe COVID-19 showed significant but limited associations with MVPA.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this nested case-control study show a direct association of MVPA with risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which was mitigated after completion of the COVID-19 vaccination primary series. In addition, higher levels of MVPA were associated with a lower risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes to limited proportions.

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Reinfection rate in a cohort of healthcare workers over 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 36 publications

References 13 publications

Endemic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Endemic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Severity and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Compared with Primary Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Association of Physical Activity With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe Clinical Outcomes Among Patients in South Korea

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