Reinfection or Reactivation of Coronavirus-19 in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: Case Report Series

Kapoor, Rajan; Nair, Ranjith K; Nayan, Neelabh; Bhalla, Sharad; Singh, Jasdeep

doi:10.1007/s42399-021-00790-x

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Likewise, 10 studies were identified via citation searching. These 10 were sought for retrieval and then assessed for eligibility [ 12 , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] , [78] , [79] , [80] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [85] , [86] , [87] , [88] ,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mystery of COVID-19 reinfections: A global systematic review and meta-analysis

Dhillon¹,

Qamar²,

Gilani³

et al. 2021

Annals of Medicine and Surgery

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Background As the COVID-19 pandemic rages on, reports on disparities in vaccine roll out alongside COVID-19 reinfection have been emerging. We conducted a systematic review to assess the determinants and disease spectrum of COVID-19 reinfection. Materials and methods A comprehensive search covering relevant databases was conducted for observational studies reporting Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) confirmed infection and reinfection cases. A quality assessment tool developed by the National Institute of Health (NIH) for the assessment of case series was utilized. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 for pooled proportions of findings in first infection and reinfection with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Eighty-one studies reporting 577 cases were included from 22 countries. The mean age of patients was 46.2 ± 18.9 years and 179 (31.0%) cases of comorbidities were reported. The average time duration between first infection and reinfection was 63.6 ± 48.9 days. During first infection and reinfection, fever was the most common symptom (41.4% and 36.4%, respectively) whilst anti-viral therapy was the most common treatment regimen administered (44.5% and 43.0%, respectively). Comparable odds of symptomatic presentation and management were reported for the two infections. However, a higher Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission rate was observed in reinfection compared to first infection (10 vs 3). Ten deaths were reported with respiratory failure being the most common cause of death (7/10 deaths). Conclusion Our findings support immunization practices given increased ICU admissions and mortality in reinfections. Our cohort serves as a guide for clinicians and authorities in devising an optimal strategy for controlling the pandemic. (249 words)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mystery of COVID-19 reinfections: A global systematic review and meta-analysis

Dhillon¹,

Qamar²,

Gilani³

et al. 2021

Annals of Medicine and Surgery

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show abstract

“…Another possibility that could allow the reinfection of a patient is the reactivation of dormant virus which is commonly seen in immunosuppressed patients with some viruses, such as Epstein Barr, cytomegalovirus and herpes groups [90], but it is necessary to sequence viral genome for differential diagnosis between viral reactivation or reinfection with a different strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bongiovanni et al examined 677 subjects with at least a positive nasopharyngeal swab, 328 during the first wave and 349 during the second individuating 13 (1.9%) cases of reinfection [25]. Vitale et al examined a cohort of 1579 patients and reported five reinfections (0.31%, 95% CI, 0.03-0.58%), of whom only one was hospitalized and the mean (SD) interval between primary infection and reinfection was longer than 230 (90) days [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Is a New Challenge for the Effectiveness of Global Vaccination Campaign: A Systematic Review of Cases Reported in Literature

Muzio

Ambosino

Muzio

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 seems to be a rare phenomenon. The objective of this study is to carry out a systematic search of literature on the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in order to understand the success of the global vaccine campaigns. A systematic search was performed. Inclusion criteria included a positive RT-PCR test of more than 90 days after the initial test and the confirmed recovery or a positive RT-PCR test of more than 45 days after the initial test that is accompanied by compatible symptoms or epidemiological exposure, naturally after the confirmed recovery. Only 117 articles were included in the final review with 260 confirmed cases. The severity of the reinfection episode was more severe in 92/260 (35.3%) with death only in 14 cases. The observation that many reinfection cases were less severe than initial cases is interesting because it may suggest partial protection from disease. Another interesting line of data is the detection of different clades or lineages by genome sequencing between initial infection and reinfection in 52/260 cases (20%). The findings are useful and contribute towards the role of vaccination in response to the COVID-19 infections. Due to the reinfection cases with SARS-CoV-2, it is evident that the level of immunity is not 100% for all individuals. These data highlight how it is necessary to continue to observe all the prescriptions recently indicated in the literature in order to avoid new contagion for all people after healing from COVID-19 or becoming asymptomatic positive.

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“…Seventy-two studies were determined to be of good quality while nine studies were of fair quality (S3 Table). Studies were primarily downgraded for unclear study objectives[63], incomplete case definition[16, 28, 48, 66, 67, 70, 77, 83], non-consecutive subject recruitment[19, 27, 30, 34, 38, 39, 44–46, 49, 71, 79, 80, 86, 90], incomparable subjects[79], inadequate length of follow-up[43, 63], inadequate description of statistical methods[39, 46, 80] and inadequate description of results[39, 78]. The most common cause for downgrading studies was non-consecutive recruitment which raised concerns that the included sample could be biased towards a more severe presentation or included more individuals undergoing routine screening.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mystery of COVID-19 reinfections: A global systematic review and meta-analysis of 577 cases

Dhillon

Qamar

Irfan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background As the COVID-19 pandemic rages on, reports on disparities in vaccine roll out alongside reinfection and reactivation from previously recovered cases have been emerging. With newer waves and variants of COVID-19, we conducted a systematic review to assess the determinants and disease spectrum of COVID-19 reinfection. Methods A comprehensive search covering relevant databases was conducted for observational studies reporting Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) confirmed infection and reinfection cases. Quality assessment tool developed by the National Institute of Health (NIH) for assessment of case series was used. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 for pooled proportions of findings in first infection and reinfection with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Eighty-one studies reporting 577 cases were included from 22 countries. The mean age of patients was 46.2±18.9 years with males accounting for 45.8% of the study population while 179 (31.0%) cases of comorbidities were reported. The average time duration between first infection and reinfection was 63.6±48.9 days. During first infection and reinfection, fever was the most common symptom (41.4% and 36.4%,respectively) whilst anti-viral therapy was the most common treatment regimen administered (44.5% and 43.0%, respectively). Overall, comparable odds of symptomatic presentation and management were reported in the two infections. However, a higher Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission rate was observed in reinfection compared to first infection (10 vs 3). Ten deaths were reported with 565 patients fully recovering. Respiratory failure was the most common cause of death (7/10 deaths). Seventy-two studies were determined to be of good quality whilst nine studies were of fair quality. Conclusion As the first global-scale systematic review of its kind, our findings support immunization practices given increased ICU admissions and mortality in reinfections. Our cohort serves as a guide for clinicians and authorities for devising an optimal strategy for controlling the pandemic.

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Reinfection or Reactivation of Coronavirus-19 in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: Case Report Series

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

The mystery of COVID-19 reinfections: A global systematic review and meta-analysis

The mystery of COVID-19 reinfections: A global systematic review and meta-analysis

SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Is a New Challenge for the Effectiveness of Global Vaccination Campaign: A Systematic Review of Cases Reported in Literature

The mystery of COVID-19 reinfections: A global systematic review and meta-analysis of 577 cases

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