Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) perception of noise from power lines

Flydal, Kjetil; Kilde, Ingrid Rogstad; Enger, Per S.; Reimers, Eigil

doi:10.7557/2.23.1.310

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Corona noise is different from naturally appearing noises in reindeer habitats, and the frequency of corona noise is audible by reindeer [48,49]. Furthermore, it may appear at times with low background noise (moist conditions and no wind).…”

Section: Electromagnetic Fields and Noise From The Power Linesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of Power Lines on Area Use and Behaviour of Semi-Domestic Reindeer in Enclosures

Flydal

Korslund

Reimers

et al. 2009

International Journal of Ecology

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We conducted large-scale, replicated experiments to test the effects of two parallel power lines on area use, behaviour, and activity of semidomestic reindeer in enclosures. Yearling female reindeer were released into four 50 × 400 m enclosures; two treatment enclosures with power lines and two control enclosures. Reindeer from two herds, one from Kautokeino (domestic tame) and one from Vågå, (domestic wild) were tested separately and compared. Individual location within the enclosures was not affected by the power lines. Effects on restless behaviour were ambiguous, with slightly more restless behaviour in the treatment enclosures for the domestic tame reindeer, while the domestic wild reindeer maintained a stable level in the treatment enclosures, increasing with time in the control enclosures. Activity changes were slightly more common among animals within treatment enclosures for both herds, with no indication of habituation during the experiment. The domestic wild reindeer had more than three times the amount of restless behaviour than the domestic tame reindeer. Our study indicates that for reindeer in enclosures, the disturbance from a power line construction is negligible. This suggests that power lines are a minor disturbing factor compared to human handling when using fenced in areas like grazing gardens in reindeer husbandry.

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Section: Electromagnetic Fields and Noise From The Power Linesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of Power Lines on Area Use and Behaviour of Semi-Domestic Reindeer in Enclosures

Flydal

Korslund

Reimers

et al. 2009

International Journal of Ecology

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“…However, the lack of clear evidence for the disturbance of semi-domestic reindeer behaviour in the proximity of power lines (Flydal et al, 2009) and the maximum distance at which reindeer may hear power lines (79 m) (Flydal et al, 2010) indicates that power lines themselves were not necessarily the main cause of the reduced area use close to power lines reported by , Nellemann et al (2001Nellemann et al ( , 2003 and Panzacchi et al (2013). Earlier, Vistnes et al (2004) suggested that building power lines should be avoided in wild reindeer habitats.…”

Section: Implications For Power Line Routingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Wind can produce Aeolian noise though vibrations of the physical structure (Tsujimoto et al, 1991). An audiogram suggests that reindeer can hear corona noise from power lines (300 and 420 kV) up to 79 m (Flydal et al, 2010). Although little is known on the effects of corona noise, noise of a 500 kV transmission line did not significantly influence cattle behaviour (Ganskopp et al, 1991).…”

Section: Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of power lines on ungulates and implications for power line routing and rights-of-way management

Bartzke¹,

May²,

Bevanger³

et al. 2014

Int. J. Biodivers. Conserv.

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Thousands of kilometres of power lines exist and more are planned. Ungulates that range over large areas are likely to encounter power lines, but a synthesis of power line effects on ungulates is lacking. Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are suspected to avoid power lines up to distances of 4 km. In contrast, some forest ungulates preferentially forage in power line rights-of-way, cleared areas under power lines. We reviewed the factors that possibly influence avoidance and attraction effects of power lines on ungulates, construct a conceptual framework, and make suggestions on how to mitigate avoidance effects through power line routing and rights-of-way management. Power line construction, noise and electromagnetic fields are possible sources of disturbance, while rights-of-way management influences habitat use under power lines. Disturbance and altered habitat use can induce barrier and corridor effects, thereby influencing connectivity. Species-specific effects influence behavioural disturbance and habitat use. We found little evidence for behavioural disturbance of reindeer or forest ungulates under power lines. Forest ungulates could benefit from browsing in power line rights-of-way if they are managed to provide abundant and preferred forage as well as sufficient cover. However, power lines may facilitate access for hunters and predators. As a precaution, construction of power lines should be avoided in calving areas. To establish a causal relationship between the construction of power lines and potential avoidance, before-after-impact-control studies are recommended. More research is needed to make recommendations for the optimal design of power line networks.

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“…We also had an extensive dataset available for this species. The willingness of moose to cross roads and power lines may be influenced by the surrounding forest cover (Forman et al 2003), the disturbance caused by road traffic (Alexander et al 2005) or the noise and visual distraction of power lines (Flydal et al 2010). We included rivers for comparison with anthropogenic features, and because roads are often routed along rivers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential barrier and corridor effects of power lines, roads and rivers on moose (Alces alces) movements

et al. 2015

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Citation: Bartzke, G. S., R. May, E. J. Solberg, C. M. Rolandsen, and E. Røskaft. 2015. Differential barrier and corridor effects of power lines, roads and rivers on moose (Alces alces) movements. Ecosphere 6(4):67. http://dx.Abstract. Building new power lines is required to satisfy increasing demands for the transmission of electricity, and at the same time the road network is expanding. To provide guidelines for the routing of new power lines and roads, it is essential to test whether linear features deter or attract movements of animals in different landscape settings. Using GPS relocation data from 151 moose (Alces alces L.) in central Norway, we tested for barrier and corridor effects of roads, power lines and rivers and accounted for forest cover, the topographical orientation of linear features and the placement of other nearby linear features. We predicted step selection probabilities for different movement options at varying distances from linear features and linear feature combinations. Barrier and corridor effects of linear features altered moose movements, although effects were minor compared to the effects of topography and forest cover. Moose did not avoid crossing power lines, unless the placement of power lines along contour lines impeded movements across them. In contrast, moose avoided crossing of roads and rivers in forests. Moose more likely moved along linear features when getting closer to linear features. Barrier and corridor effects were higher for road/river combinations compared to single linear features. Likewise, the barrier and corridor effects were higher for road/power line combinations, but not power line/river combinations compared to single linear features, when moose were close to the edge of those features. The inconsistent pattern could be due to the low sample size. We found indications of higher disturbance potential of roads compared to power lines and rivers. Managing vegetation in power line rights-of-way to provide abundant browse could counteract possible disturbance, while wildlife overpasses could mitigate road fragmentation effects.

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Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) perception of noise from power lines

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of Power Lines on Area Use and Behaviour of Semi-Domestic Reindeer in Enclosures

Effects of Power Lines on Area Use and Behaviour of Semi-Domestic Reindeer in Enclosures

The effects of power lines on ungulates and implications for power line routing and rights-of-way management

Differential barrier and corridor effects of power lines, roads and rivers on moose (Alces alces) movements

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