Reindeer Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Holand, Øystein; Mizin, Ivan; Weladji, Robert B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24475-0_24

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…This estimate coincides with the end of the LGM ca. 20,000–18,000 BP and the beginning of a warmer period that initiated glacial retreat 20 , 37 . During the Weichselian glaciation (ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…115,000–12,000 BP) reindeer established large populations covering most of northern Eurasia. These populations gradually began to retreat northward at the end of the Holocene, reaching as far as the High Arctic archipelagos 20 . However, since the deglaciation of these Arctic islands began slightly later ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, some BEL sublineages expanded south across North America from Beringia when the ice retreated and secondary contact occurred in Canada ca. 8000 years BP, corresponding with the final deglaciation of North America 20 , 23 – 28 . Consequently, the two lineages interbred and now occur as genetically admixed populations in Western North America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colonisation of the new remote High Arctic habitat suggests that the species has a number of morphological, behavioural, physiological and metabolic adaptations, which are encoded by a number of genes 17 , 20 , 38 . Indeed, several nuclear genes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ancient reindeer mitogenomes reveal island-hopping colonisation of the Arctic archipelagos

Hold,

Lord,

Brealey

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Climate warming at the end of the last glacial period had profound effects on the distribution of cold-adapted species. As their range shifted towards northern latitudes, they were able to colonise previously glaciated areas, including remote Arctic islands. However, there is still uncertainty about the routes and timing of colonisation. At the end of the last ice age, reindeer/caribou (Rangifer tarandus) expanded to the Holarctic region and colonised the archipelagos of Svalbard and Franz Josef Land. Earlier studies have proposed two possible colonisation routes, either from the Eurasian mainland or from Canada via Greenland. Here, we used 174 ancient, historical and modern mitogenomes to reconstruct the phylogeny of reindeer across its whole range and to infer the colonisation route of the Arctic islands. Our data shows a close affinity among Svalbard, Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya reindeer. We also found tentative evidence for positive selection in the mitochondrial gene ND4, which is possibly associated with increased heat production. Our results thus support a colonisation of the Eurasian Arctic archipelagos from the Eurasian mainland and provide some insights into the evolutionary history and adaptation of the species to its High Arctic habitat.

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“…This estimate coincides with the end of the LGM ca. 20,000–18,000 BP and the beginning of a warmer period that initiated glacial retreat 20 , 37 . During the Weichselian glaciation (ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ancient reindeer mitogenomes reveal island-hopping colonisation of the Arctic archipelagos

Hold,

Lord,

Brealey

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Ageing methods are especially valuable for key species such as caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). These animals are widespread across much of northern Eurasia and North America [20][21][22][23], and their remains are frequently found in abundance at archaeological sites beginning in the Late Pleistocene [e.g., [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Furthermore, reindeer and caribou, in both wild and domestic forms, continue to be essential to maintaining ways of life and well-being for many northern peoples [23,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing current visual tooth wear age estimation methods for Rangifer tarandus using a known age sample from Canada

Kohut,

Losey,

Kutz

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Age estimation is crucial for investigating animal populations in the past and present. Visual examination of tooth wear and eruption is one of the most common ageing methods in zooarchaeology, wildlife management, palaeontology, and veterinary research. Such approaches are particularly advantageous because they are non-destructive, can be completed using photographs, and do not require specialized training. Several tooth wear and eruption methods have been developed for Rangifer tarandus, a widely distributed and long-utilized species in the North. This paper evaluates the practicality and effectiveness of three existing visual tooth wear and eruption methods for this species using a large known-age sample from several caribou populations in northern Canada (Bluenose East, Bluenose West, Dolphin-Union, Qamanirjuaq, and Beverly herds). These methods are evaluated based on: (1) the amount of error and bias between estimated and actual ages, (2) suitable and interpretable results, (3) user-friendly and unambiguous procedures, and (4) which teeth and visual features of those teeth are used to record wear and eruption status. This study finds that the three evaluated methods all have variable errors and biases, and two show extensive biases when applied to older individuals. Demographic data is simpler to generate and more flexible to report when methods allow age to be estimated as a continuous or discrete variable, rather than as age ranges. The dentition samples used by two of the previously developed methods impact their applicability to other populations of Rangifer. In one existing method, individuals were unavailable from some age ranges leaving gaps when assigning ages. For another Rangifer-ageing method, the population utilized was too distinct in morphology or diet to be used with the Canadian caribou analyzed here. Additional refinement of tooth wear and eruption ageing methods will benefit zooarchaeological research on reindeer and caribou remains.

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