Reindeer during the Upper Palaeolithic in Poland: Aspects of variability and paleoecology

Piskorska, Teresa; Stefaniak, Krzysztof; Krajcarz, Maciej T.

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.08.027

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…4, details are provided in Table S2) and were presented in publications such as Kozłowski and Sachse-Kozłowska (1993), Lorenc (2006Lorenc ( , 2013, Wojtal (2007), Nadachowski et al (2009Nadachowski et al ( , 2015, Cyrek et al (2000, Krajcarz et al (2012Krajcarz et al ( , 2014bKrajcarz et al ( , 2015, Wilczy nski et al (2013,2014) and Piskorska et al (2015). Most of the results are approximately 20e30 ka BP, but both older and younger dates are known.…”

Section: Chronologymentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Upwards, the loess contains gradually more limestone clasts and becomes darker (layer 1b). Numerous reindeer remains were excavated from these deposits, and their radiocarbon age indicates a time span of 10e20 ka BP (Piskorska et al, 2015). The sequence is topped with black silt with limestone rubble.…”

Section: Bi Snik Cavementioning

confidence: 99%

“…4. Chronometric dating results of loess and loess-like sediments from the near-entrance parts of caves and rock shelters in the Krak ow-Czę stochowa Upland, including published (after: Kozłowski and Sachse-Kozłowska, 1993;Cyrek et al, 2000Lorenc, 2006Lorenc, , 2013Wojtal, 2007;Nadachowski et al, 2009Nadachowski et al, , 2015Krajcarz et al, 2012Krajcarz et al, , 2014bKrajcarz et al, , 2015Wilczy nski et al, 2013Wilczy nski et al, , 2014Piskorska et al, 2015) and new data. The radiocarbon ages are calibrated.…”

Section: Base Of Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such finds are connected to the uppermost part of the main cave loess, beds 'E' and possibly 'D'. The loess material was most probably re-deposited from older layers and accumulated in secondary positions, which is proven by the presence of Early Bronze Age artifacts in Bi snik Cave (layer 1b, according to Cyrek, 2002) in loessy material from the Late Pleistocene (reindeer bone dated to 24e25 ka BP; Piskorska et al, 2015). A similar situation was observed in other sites, including the shelters in Ud orz II e layer 2 (Sudoł et al, 2013) and G ora Smole n II e layer 3 (Sudoł and Krajcarz, 2014).…”

Section: Archeological Materials From Cave Loessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Loess in a cave: Lithostratigraphic and correlative value of loess and loess-like layers in caves from the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (Poland)

Krajcarz

Cyrek

Mroczek

et al. 2016

Quaternary International

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Section: Chronologymentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Bi Snik Cavementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Base Of Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Archeological Materials From Cave Loessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Loess in a cave: Lithostratigraphic and correlative value of loess and loess-like layers in caves from the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (Poland)

Krajcarz

Cyrek

Mroczek

et al. 2016

Quaternary International

Self Cite

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“…Due to the occurrence of the subsequent Middle Paleolithic levels, it is one of the most important Middle Paleolithic sites in Poland (Cyrek et al ., , ). The site has been studied based on a variety of archeological (Cyrek et al ., , 2014; Krajcarz and Cyrek, ; Cyrek and Sudoł, ; Sudoł et al ., ), geological (Mirosław‐Grabowska, ; Krajcarz et al ., ), vertebrate taxonomic (Marciszak and Stefaniak, ; Marciszak et al ., ,b; Van Asperen and Stefaniak, ; Tomek et al ., ; Marciszak, ; Marciszak and Socha, ; Piskorska and Stefaniak, ; Piskorska et al ., ), bone diagenetic (Rogóż et al ., ; Krajcarz, ) and paleoecological aspects (Krajcarz et al ., ; Gąsiorowski et al ., ; Krajcarz et al ., ; Krajcarz and Krajcarz, ; Socha, ). Although several paleontological papers have been published, at present, the complete paleontological assessment of the Biśnik Cave bone assemblage is still in progress.…”

Section: Mis 5a–d Layers Of Biśnik Cavementioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐depositional bone destruction in cave sediments: a micromorphological study of the MIS 5a–d cave bear strata of Biśnik Cave, Poland

Krajcarz

2019

J Quaternary Science

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Accumulations of cave bear bones are common in Pleistocene cave sediments. The reasons for the deposition are usually clear, and believed to be associated with the hibernation behavior of bears. Although they are common, little is known about the post‐sedimentary processes that affect the assemblages. The cave bear bone accumulations from the Lower Weichselian layers of Biśnik Cave, Poland, represent an interesting case of intensive post‐depositional bone destruction. Bones are highly fragmented and rounded, although no traces of water currents have been detected in the stratigraphic series. In this paper we use the case of Biśnik Cave as an example of cave bear strata, to describe the taphonomic features of the abraded‐like bones and to recognize the underlying processes. We present a micromorphological study of rounded bones and surrounding sediments to increase knowledge of the depositional context in the cave environment. Micromorphological analysis of the sediments indicated in situ disintegration of bones rather than abrasion. The factor responsible here was internal stress, as opposed to the external pressure of mineral grains in the case of abrasion. We indicate frost action as a possible factor responsible for the post‐depositional bone disintegration.

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Reindeer prey mobility and seasonal hunting strategies in the late Gravettian mammoth steppe

Pryor,

Nesnídalová,

Šída

et al. 2024

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Reindeer are part of the faunal suite that dominated central Europe during the last glacial cycle. Their importance to Late Gravettian hunters as prey and a source of raw materials (hide, bone, antler) is well attested, however the context of Late Gravettian reindeer predation is lesser understood. This paper presents an investigation of human and reindeer predator-prey interactions at the Late Gravettian kill-butchery site of Lubná VI, Czech Republic. We reconstruct seasonal mobility (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O), diet (δ13C, δ15N) and season of death (dental cementum) of up to nine reindeer prey, to inform on the strategic choices made by Late Gravettian hunters. Results indicate that most hunted reindeer lived year-round in the foothills of the Bohemian-Moravian highlands near where Lubná is located, at altitudes between ~ 200–450 m above present sea level, while a smaller number showed evidence of seasonal migration between this area and the open plains of the Elbe river corridor (Bohemian Cretaceous basin). No evidence for long distance migration of reindeer was detected, indicating that productive local environments were supporting reindeer herds within a single annual territory. Meanwhile, areas higher than ~ 450 m above present sea level were avoided entirely by all analysed individuals, consistent with these areas being topographic barriers to movement due to climate severity. We conclude that hunters visited Lubná as part of a logistically-organised subsistence strategy, deliberately targeting reindeer in late autumn when fat supplies, hides and antler are in prime condition knowing that they would reliably encounter their prey at this location.

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Reindeer during the Upper Palaeolithic in Poland: Aspects of variability and paleoecology

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Loess in a cave: Lithostratigraphic and correlative value of loess and loess-like layers in caves from the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (Poland)

Loess in a cave: Lithostratigraphic and correlative value of loess and loess-like layers in caves from the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (Poland)

Post‐depositional bone destruction in cave sediments: a micromorphological study of the MIS 5a–d cave bear strata of Biśnik Cave, Poland

Reindeer prey mobility and seasonal hunting strategies in the late Gravettian mammoth steppe

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