Rehearsal and Recoding of Information from Visual Sensory-Memory

Steinheiser, Frederick H.

doi:10.2466/pms.1971.33.3.843

Percept Mot Skills

1971

DOI: 10.2466/pms.1971.33.3.843

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Rehearsal and Recoding of Information from Visual Sensory-Memory

Frederick H. Steinheiser

Abstract: Consonant-vowel bigrams were presented in a modification of Sperling's (1960) partial-report procedure. Delay of recall and ability to rehearse were manipulated. The results showed that accuracy of recall was poorer with disrupted rehearsal and that errors in recall could be described in terms of the articulatory features of the consonants only when rehearsal was possible. The delay X rehearsal interaction was not significant. The results indicate that the iconic image persists for at least 11 sec. and that it… Show more

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“…However, acoustic-verbal encoding may not be a necessary step from visual input to long-term memory of that input. Steinheiser (1971) has proposed that 5s can either retain or verbally recede the shortterm icon. Even Posner et al (1969) noted that 5s seemed able selectively to attend or not to attend to the visual features of stimuli.…”

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Effect of picture-word transfer on accuracy and latency of recognition memory.

Arthur¹

1974

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Temporal parameters of recognition memory for pictures and words were investigated in a reaction time experiment. Dark-adapted 5s self-initiated 250msec. exposures of arrays containing eight different stimuli-either pictorial silhouettes or corresponding block-lettered verbal labels-in the peripheral cells of a 3X3 grid. Following every array and a subsequent 3-sec. delay interval, a test item--again, either a four-letter word or a picture-appeared in the center grid square for 250 msec. By quickly pressing a yes or no button, 5s indicated whether the test item had been present or absent in the preceding array. Each 5 served under all of the following conditions: word array-word test, picture-picture, picture-word, and word-picture. Order of presentation was completely randomized for each 5. Analyses of both accuracy and reaction time data revealed interactions between mode of presentation, mode of test, and decision strategy. Such results may be partially dependent on ability to form a visual memory image of the array, though further active encoding processes may be responsible for subsequent disruption of that image.Recent accounts of verbal memory have often included as the first of several discrete stages of stimulus processing a peripheral image, or icon, which is directly related to the stimulus input but is extremely short-term. Sperling (1960) demonstrated that 5s have rather large-capacity visual memories that rapidly decay over intervals up to 1.0 sec. He proposed a model that attributes the persisting memory for visual materials which occurs in spite of rapid icon decay to the operation of verbal encoding processes (Sperling, 1967).Similarly, Posner and Mitchell (1967) hypothesized that peripheral visual images may be displaced by nonvisual codes. They found that same response latencies were longer for different-case letters, i.e., uppervs. lowercase, than for identical-case letters at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) below 1.5 sec., but at ISIs of 1.5-2.0 sec., the advantage of similar-case decisions disappeared. Posner, Boies, Eichelman, & Taylor (1969) demonstrated that an interpolated mental addition task eliminated 1 This article is taken in part from a thesis submitted by the first auther in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the master's degree to the University of Arizona.2 Requests for reprints should be sent to Terry

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confidence: 99%

Effect of picture-word transfer on accuracy and latency of recognition memory.

Arthur¹

1974

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Rehearsal and Recoding of Information from Visual Sensory-Memory

Cited by 1 publication

References 16 publications

Effect of picture-word transfer on accuracy and latency of recognition memory.

Effect of picture-word transfer on accuracy and latency of recognition memory.

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