Rehabilitation of somatic sensation and related deficit of motor control in patients with pure sensory stroke11No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

Smania, Nicola; Montagnana, Barbara; Faccioli, Silvia; Fiaschi, Antonio; Aglioti, Salvatore Maria

doi:10.1053/s0003-9993(03)00277-6

Cited by 117 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…It was found that this patient had persistent impairments in maintaining right hand power grip force without vision and in initiation of grip forces to visual targets, but feedforward control of grip force during active movement to prevent slip of an object held in precision grip was intact. It seems consistent in the literature that practice of motor tasks and use of vision can ameliorate some of the motor deficits following parietal cortex injury (Carey et al, 2002; Jeannerod et al, 1984; Smania et al, 2003). …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Sensorimotor cortex injury effects on recovery of contralesional dexterous movements in Macaca mulatta

Darling

Pizzimenti

Rotella

et al. 2016

Experimental Neurology

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The effects of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) injury on recovery of contralateral upper limb reaching and grasping was studied by comparing the consequences of isolated lesions to the arm/hand region of primary motor cortex (M1) and lateral premotor cortex (LPMC) to lesions of these same areas plus anterior parietal cortex (S1 and rostral area PE). We used multiple linear regression to assess the effects of gray and white matter lesion volumes on deficits in reaching and fine motor performance during the first month after the lesion, and during recovery of function over 3, 6 and 12 months post-injury in 13 monkeys. Subjects with frontoparietal lesions exhibited larger deficits and poorer recovery as predicted, including one subject with extensive peri-Rolandic injury developing learned nonuse after showing signs of recovery. Regression analyses showed that total white matter lesion volume was strongly associated with initial post-lesion deficits in motor performance and with recovery of skill in reaching and manipulation. Multiple regression analyses using percent damage to caudal M1 (M1c), rostral S1 (S1r), LPMC and area PE as predictor variables showed that S1r lesion volumes were closely related to delayed post-lesion recovery of upper limb function, as well as lower skill level of recovery. In contrast, M1c lesion volume was related primarily to initial post-lesion deficits in hand motor performance. Overall, these findings demonstrate that frontoparietal injury impairs hand motor function more so than frontal motor injury alone, and results in slower and poorer recovery than lesions limited to frontal motor cortex.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Sensorimotor cortex injury effects on recovery of contralesional dexterous movements in Macaca mulatta

Darling

Pizzimenti

Rotella

et al. 2016

Experimental Neurology

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“…We found that anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients had decreased white matter integrity in the genu, body, and splenium of corpus callosum than controls, leading to the lack of movement coordination, low muscle tone, distorted head or facial features, spasms, and seizures. In addition, the internal capsule is a pathway connecting nerves that control the sensation and motor function (Smania et al, 2003). We found the patients exhibited reduced FA in the bilateral anterior limb and right retrolenticular part of internal capsule, which may cause the uncontrolled motor function or the sensation loss in the arm, leg, neck or face of the patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Functional and Structural Brain Alterations in Encephalitis With LGI1 Antibodies

Qiao

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Neurosci.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the neural substrates and mechanisms that generate memory deficits, seizures and neuropsychiatric abnormalities in encephalitis with LGI1 antibodies using a data-driven, multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach. Methods: Functional MRI data were acquired from 14 anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients and 14 age and gender matched normal controls. Independent component analysis with hierarchical partner matching (HPM-ICA) was used to assess the whole-brain intrinsic functional connectivity. Granger causality (GC) was applied to investigate the effective connectivity among the brain regions that identified by HPM-ICA. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was utilized to investigate white matter microstructural changes of the patients. Results: Participants with LGI1 antibodies encephalitis presented reduced functional connectivity in the brain areas associated with memory, cognition and motion circuits, while increased functional connectivity in putamen and caudate in comparison to the normal controls. Moreover, the effective connectivity in patients was decreased from the frontal cortex to supplementary motor area. Finally, patients had significant reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) for the corpus callosum, internal capsule, corona radiata and superior longitudinal fasciculus, accompanied by increases in mean diffusivity (MD) for these regions as compared to controls. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the neural disorder and behavioral deficits of anti-LGI1 encephalitis may be associated with extensive changes in brain connectivity and microstructure. These pathological alterations affect the basal ganglia and limbic system besides the temporal and frontal lobe.

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“…Recently, a novel rehabilitation treatment combining intensive somatosensory and motor stimulation of the upper limb has been developed for stroke patients with chronic hemiparesis and severe disability (de Diego, Puig, & Navarro, 2013). This technique aims at improving the sensation of the hand by means of training either stereognosis (the patient holds different objects, previously seen and felt, and places them in order accordingly to their size, consistency, weight or shape) or touch (the patient identifies different textures with the eyes closed, previously haptically explored with eyes open) (see also, Smania, Montagnana, Faccioli, Fiaschi, & Aglioti, 2003). This technique is accompanied by active functional retraining of the affected upper limb.…”

Section: Sensory-based Strategies To Enhance Post-stroke Motor Recmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sensory side of post-stroke motor rehabilitation

Bolognini

Russo

Edwards

2016

RNN

154

136

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Contemporary strategies to promote motor recovery following stroke focus on repetitive voluntary movements. Although successful movement relies on efficient sensorimotor integration, functional outcomes often bias motor therapy toward motor-related impairments such as weakness, spasticity and synergies; sensory therapy and reintegration is implied, but seldom targeted. However, the planning and execution of voluntary movement requires that the brain extracts sensory information regarding body position and predicts future positions, by integrating a variety of sensory inputs with ongoing and planned motor activity. Neurological patients who have lost one or more of their senses may show profoundly affected motor functions, even if muscle strength remains unaffected. Following stroke, motor recovery can be dictated by the degree of sensory disruption. Consequently, a thorough account of sensory function might be both prognostic and prescriptive in neurorehabilitation. This review outlines the key sensory components of human voluntary movement, describes how sensory disruption can influence prognosis and expected outcomes in stroke patients, reports on current sensory-based approaches in post-stroke motor rehabilitation, and makes recommendations for optimizing rehabilitation programs based on sensory stimulation.

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Cited by 117 publications

References 41 publications

Sensorimotor cortex injury effects on recovery of contralesional dexterous movements in Macaca mulatta

Sensorimotor cortex injury effects on recovery of contralesional dexterous movements in Macaca mulatta

Functional and Structural Brain Alterations in Encephalitis With LGI1 Antibodies

The sensory side of post-stroke motor rehabilitation

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