Rehabilitation in spinal muscular atrophy

Abstract

Introduction and objective. Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a disease of the nervous system caused by the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord. The disease is caused by a homozygous deletion of the motor neuron survival gene (SMN1), which leads to a reduction in the level of the SMN protein. SMA is characterized by muscle weakness and wasting. Rehabilitation is one of the methods of treating patients with SMA. The aim of the study was to review the literature on rehabilitation in this disease. Brief description of the state of knowledge. According to the literature, rehabilitation has a positive effect on the health of patients with SMA. Kinesiotherapy improves the range of motion and muscle strength. Electrotherapy and hydrotherapy also have a beneficial effect on motor functions. Improvement of motor functions has also been demonstrated after the use of the vibration method of neuromuscular rehabilitation. It has been observed that rehabilitation reduces swallowing disorders and the occurrence of atelectasis, and has a positive effect on the quality of life of patients with SMA. Due to the patient's progressive disability, it is preferable to use orthopaedic aids. Conclusion. SMA leads to the disability of the patient. Rehabilitation plays an important role in the strengthening of muscles, reducing spasticity and increasing the range of motion. The treatment involves kinesiotherapy and physical therapy. Therapy of speech, dysphagia, respiratory complications, and the use of orthopaedic appliances may be necessary. According to the data available in the literature, rehabilitation has a positive effect on the health and quality of life of patients with SMA.