Rehabilitating the addicted brain with transcranial magnetic stimulation

Diana, Marco; Raij, Tommi; Melis, Miriam; Nummenmaa, Aapo; Leggio, Lorenzo; Bonci, Antonello

doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.113

Cited by 187 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…When applied at a low frequency (LF; ≤ 1 Hz), TMS suppresses cortical excitability, while high‐frequency (HF) TMS (≥5 Hz) enhances cortical excitability . Repetitive TMS has been found to have therapeutic benefits for several neuropsychiatric disorders, and has recently been proposed as a potential treatment in addiction disorders . To stimulate deep brain regions, Zangen et al developed the H‐coil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Repetitive TMS has been found to have therapeutic benefits for several neuropsychiatric disorders, and has recently been proposed as a potential treatment in addiction disorders. [15][16][17] To stimulate deep brain regions, Zangen et al 18 developed the H-coil. Compared to conventional coils, the H-coil contains an array of elements which are contoured to the shape of the skull, allowing deeper (up to 4.5-5.5 cm from the skull vs. 1.5 cm of the standard coils) and larger volumes of brain stimulation, affecting both cortical and subcortical regions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Weight loss induced by deep transcranial magnetic stimulation in obesity: A randomized, double‐blind, sham‐controlled study

Ferrulli

Macrì

Terruzzi

et al. 2019

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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Aim: To test the hypothesis that deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) reduces food craving and causes weight loss via neuromodulation. Materials and methods:This pilot study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study. A total of 33 obese people (nine men, 24 women, mean age 48.1 ± 10.6 years, body mass index [BMI] 36.9 ± 4.7 kg/m 2 ) were randomized and completed the study: 13 participants underwent a 5-week treatment with highfrequency (HF) dTMS (18 Hz; HF group), 10 were treated with low-frequency (LF) dTMS (1 Hz; LF group), and 10 were sham-treated (sham group). Food craving, and metabolic and neuro-endocrine variables were evaluated at baseline, after the 5-week treatment, and at follow-up visits (1 month, 6 months, 1 year after the end of treatment).Results: The mixed-model analysis for repeated measures showed a significant interaction of time and groups for body weight (P = 0.001) and BMI (P = 0.001), with a significant body weight (−7.83 ± 2.28 kg; P = 0.0009) and BMI (−2.83 ± 0.83, P = 0.0009) decrease in the HF versus the sham group. A decreasing trend in food craving in the HF versus the LF and sham groups (P = 0.073) was observed. A significant improvement of metabolic and physical activity variables was found (P < 0.05) in the HF group.Conclusions: We demonstrated the safety and efficacy of dTMS, in addition to physical exercise and a hypocaloric diet, in reducing body weight for up to 1 year in obese people. We hypothesize that a possible mechanism of HF dTMS treatment is modulation of the dopaminergic pathway and stimulation of physical activity. K E Y W O R D Sappetite control, obesity therapy, randomised trial, weight control

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight loss induced by deep transcranial magnetic stimulation in obesity: A randomized, double‐blind, sham‐controlled study

Ferrulli

Macrì

Terruzzi

et al. 2019

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Consistently, dysregulation of the PFC is associated with disorders of goal-directed behavior, including drug addiction and depression 5,6,7,8 . Recently, these disorders have been treated with PFC stimulation procedures such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), with promising results 9,10,11,12,13 . Such treatment effects most likely depend on large-scale brain circuitry regulating the motivation that drives goal-directed behavior 14 , and the details of such circuitry are currently incomplete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medial Prefrontal Cortex Interacts with the Anteromedial Thalamus in Motivation and Dopaminergic Activity

Yang

Talishinsky

et al. 2020

Preprint

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How does the prefrontal cortex (PFC) regulate motivated behavior? Our experiments characterize the circuits of the PFC regulating motivation, reinforcement and dopamine activity, revealing a novel cortico-thalamic loop. The stimulation of medial PFC (mPFC) neurons activated many downstream regions, as shown by functional MRI. Axonal terminal stimulation of mPFC neurons in downstream regions, including the anteromedial thalamic nucleus (AM), reinforced behavior and activated midbrain dopaminergic neurons. The stimulation of AM neurons projecting to the mPFC also reinforced behavior and activated dopamine neurons, and mPFC and AM showed a positive-feedback loop organization. Reciprocal excitatory functional connectivity, as well as co-activation of the two regions, was found in human participants who watched reinforcing videos. Our results suggest that this cortico-thalamic loop regulates motivation, reinforcement and dopaminergic neuron activity.

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“…There is widespread interest in utilizing non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) as a treatment for psychiatric and neurologic conditions [1], including addiction [2,3], obsessive compulsive disorder [4], eating disorders [5], stroke [6], and depression [7,8]. The outcomes of these interventions, however, are variable across treated individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision inhibitory stimulation of individual-specific cortical hubs disrupts information processing in humans

Lynch

Breeden

Gordon

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Non-invasive brain stimulation is a promising treatment for psychiatric and neurologic conditions, but outcomes are variable across treated individuals. This variability may be due in part to uncertainty regarding an optimal stimulation site -a challenge that may be complicated further by the variable organization of individual brains. Utilizing a network science framework, we predicted that stimulating "hubs" would have the greatest effect on cognition. First, using a publically available dataset, we discovered that different areas of cortex function as hubs in different individuals, but that hubs could be mapped reliably within an individual. We next used a prospective within-subjects double-blind design to demonstrate that inhibiting individual-specific hubs with transcranial magnetic stimulation disrupts information processing during workingmemory, more so than inhibiting nearby non-hubs. Finally, hubs could be retrospectively clustered into subtypes that yielded different outcomes when inhibited. Based on these findings, we propose stimulating hub subtypes relevant for patient symptomatology as an intervention strategy.

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Rehabilitating the addicted brain with transcranial magnetic stimulation

Cited by 187 publications

References 175 publications

Weight loss induced by deep transcranial magnetic stimulation in obesity: A randomized, double‐blind, sham‐controlled study

Weight loss induced by deep transcranial magnetic stimulation in obesity: A randomized, double‐blind, sham‐controlled study

Medial Prefrontal Cortex Interacts with the Anteromedial Thalamus in Motivation and Dopaminergic Activity

Precision inhibitory stimulation of individual-specific cortical hubs disrupts information processing in humans

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