Regulatory T Cells and Their Role in Animal Disease

Veiga-Parga, Tamara

doi:10.1177/0300985816629719

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…They are generated in the thymus gland. These cells are known for their anti-inflammatory activity or as suppressor-proinflammatory T cells like Th1, Th2, and Th17 [121]. Their inhibitory effects are either by inhibiting directly the effector T cells or by blocking APCs and consequently activation of effector T cells.…”

Section: Adaptive Immunity Of the Female Reproductive Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Tract Infections in Dairy Cows: Can Probiotics Curb Down the Incidence Rate?

Rosales

Ametaj

2021

Dairy

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Postpartum uterine diseases are common in dairy cows and are a great concern for the dairy industry as they are associated with various consequences, including lower fertility, lower milk yield, and an overall negative impact on the host health. An infected uterus is a source of bacterial compounds and cytokines that spill into the systemic circulation, spreading inflammation to other organs. In this review article, we discuss a short overview of the anatomy of the reproductive tract of dairy cows and several infectious diseases of the uterus including metritis, endometritis, and pyometra. Additionally, we discuss the microbiome of the reproductive tract in health and during uterine diseases. As well, diagnostic criteria for metritis and endometritis and contributing factors for increased susceptibility to metritis infection are important topics of this review. To better understand how the uterus and reproductive tract respond to bacterial pathogens, a section of this review is dedicated to immunity of the reproductive tract. Both the innate and adaptive immunity systems are also discussed. We conclude the review with a factual discussion about the current treatments of uterine diseases and the new developments in the area of application of probiotics for uterine health. Mechanisms of actions of probiotics are discussed in detail and also some applications to prevent uterine infections in dairy cows are discussed.

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Section: Adaptive Immunity Of the Female Reproductive Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Tract Infections in Dairy Cows: Can Probiotics Curb Down the Incidence Rate?

Rosales

Ametaj

2021

Dairy

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“…Neutrophils are some of the effectors of the innate response modulated by MSCs, through inhibition of their respiratory burst, thus potentially limiting tissue damage (17)(18)(19); likewise, modulation of macrophage polarization promotes a switch to an anti-inflammatory phenotype (20,21); and MSCs can also limit dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation (22). The adaptive immune response is also importantly modulated by MSCs, through suppression of proliferation and polarization of T lymphocytes (23,24), and through promotion of regulatory T cells (Treg) differentiation (25), all of which have an important function on immune homeostasis (26)(27)(28). In addition, MSCs can modulate the function and proliferation of B lymphocytes by promoting the generation of regulatory B cells (Breg) (29,30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-conditioning of Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Increases Their Immunomodulatory Capacity

et al. 2020

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Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly explored for the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory diseases in human and veterinary medicine. One of the key characteristics of MSCs is that they modulate inflammation mainly through the secretion of soluble mediators. However, despite widespread clinical use, knowledge regarding the effector mechanisms of equine MSCs, and consequently their effectiveness in the treatment of diseases, is still unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the mechanisms underlying inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by equine bone marrow-derived MSCs, and to evaluate the effect of pre-conditioning of equine MSCs with different pro-inflammatory cytokines on inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. We determined that inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by equine MSCs depends on activity of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Additionally, pre-conditioning of MSCs with TNF-α, IFN-γ or their combination significantly increased the expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, iNOS and IL-6. This upregulation correlated with an increased inhibitory effect of MSCs on lymphocyte proliferation. In conclusion, pre-conditioning of bone marrow-derived MSC increases their inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation in horses.

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“…60 A recent review details regulatory T cells and their role in animal diseases. 58 FoxP3 is known to be the key transcription factor controlling T regulatory cell (Treg) development and function. 8 Treg cells are thought to be critical for the regulation of the immune response and T-cell tolerance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Histopathologic Characterization of Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis

et al. 2017

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Canine chronic ulcerative stomatitis, also known as chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis, is a painful condition of the oral cavity. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are commonalities in clinical and radiographic features among patients, whether the histopathologic evaluation might inform the pathogenesis, and whether the condition appears similar to human oral mucosal diseases. To do this, we prospectively collected clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic data from 20 dogs diagnosed with the disease. Clinical data were based on a clinical disease activity index, oral and periodontal examination parameters, and full-mouth dental radiographs. The histopathological and immunohistochemical data were based on oral mucosal samples obtained from erosive or ulcerated areas. Our findings revealed that canine chronic stomatitis is clinically characterized by painful oral mucosal ulcers of varying size, pattern, appearance, and distribution, most often associated with teeth with early periodontitis. Histologic examination revealed a subepithelial lichenoid band (interface mucositis) where B cells, T cells, and Forkheadbox protein 3 (FoxP3)-and interleukin-17-expressing cells were present. These cells might play a role in the underlying immune response and an immune-mediated pathogenesis is suspected. The clinical and histopathologic features of this chronic inflammatory mucosal disease in dogs resemble those of oral lichen planus in humans.

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Regulatory T Cells and Their Role in Animal Disease

Cited by 15 publications

References 90 publications

Reproductive Tract Infections in Dairy Cows: Can Probiotics Curb Down the Incidence Rate?

Reproductive Tract Infections in Dairy Cows: Can Probiotics Curb Down the Incidence Rate?

Pre-conditioning of Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Increases Their Immunomodulatory Capacity

Clinical and Histopathologic Characterization of Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis

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