Regulatory Peptides in Helminth Parasites

Halton, D W; Shaw, Chris; Maule, Aaron G.; Smart, David

doi:10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60139-6

Cited by 68 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Regulatory peptides were first discovered in representatives of the major flatworm groups in the 1980s, with findings recorded for the turbellarian, Microstomum lineare by Reuter et al (1980); the cestode, Diphyllobothrium dendriticum by Gustafsson et al (1985); the trematode, Fasciola hepatica by Magee et al (1989); and the monogenean, Diclidophora merlangi by Maule et al (1989). To date, the most extensive and intense peptide immunostaining demonstrated in all classes of the platyhelminths has been obtained with antisera raised to the native invertebrate neuropeptide, FMRFamide, and to invertebrate members of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) superfamily, notably neuropeptide F (NPF; Halton et al, 1994). FMRFamide, originally isolated from neural extracts of the bivalve mollusc, Macrocallista nimbosa (Price and Greenberg, 1977), has been shown to possess excitatory activity on isolated organs, such as the molluscan heart (Painter and Greenberg, 1982), on whole-worm preparations (Marks et al, 1996) and on isolated flatworm muscle cells (Day et al, 1994;Johnston et al, 1996).…”

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confidence: 79%

The peptidergic nervous system of the triclad turbellarian,Bdelloura candida (maricola, bdellouridae): An immunocytochemical study using an antiserum raised to an endogenous neuropeptide, GYIRFamide

Johnston¹,

Halton²,

Anderson

et al. 1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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The organisation of the nervous system of Bdelloura candida (Tricladida, Maricola, and Bdellouridae) was studied by immunocytochemistry, by using an antiserum raised to the authentic B. candida FMRFamide-related peptide (FaRP), GYIRFamide. Immunostaining was intense and abundant throughout both the central and peripheral nervous systems, being localised to the brain, the longitudinal nerve cords and their transverse and lateral connections, the pharyngeal plexus, the extensive sub-epidermal and sub-muscular plexuses, and elements of the reproductive apparatus. Compared to an earlier anatomical investigation of this species, and also to the neuroanatomy of other triclad turbellarians, the pattern of GYIRFamide-immunoreactivity reveals differences in the following aspects: the shape and structure of the brain, the distribution of longitudinal nerve cords and their relationships with the peripheral nervous system, the structure and distribution of the lateral nerves and the transverse connectives between the longitudinal nerve cords, organisation of the pharyngeal nervous system, and innervation of the eyespots and epidermal sensory structures. Although this study focuses on a descriptive account of the neuroanatomy of Bdelloura candida, by using anti-GYIRFamide as a neuronal marker, the possible functions of the native peptide are also discussed. The quality and reproducibility of the immunostaining obtained during this work highlights the effectiveness of the GYIRFamide antiserum in the neuroanatomical study of flatworms, and also the suitability of B. candida as a model species in studies of the turbellarian nervous system.

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confidence: 79%

The peptidergic nervous system of the triclad turbellarian,Bdelloura candida (maricola, bdellouridae): An immunocytochemical study using an antiserum raised to an endogenous neuropeptide, GYIRFamide

Johnston¹,

Halton²,

Anderson

et al. 1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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“…The recent rapid development of research in this field has shown that the borderline between the platyhelminth nervous system and endocrine system has become indistinct and that the two parts should now be considered under the name neuroendocrine system. The last 16 years have witnessed, in addition to cholinergic and aminergic elements, the identification of a third element to the nervous system of helminths, namely the peptidergic component (Halton et al 1990(Halton et al , 1994(Halton et al , 1999Halton and Gustafsson 1996). The three types of nerve fibres (cholinergic, aminergic and peptidergic) are sometimes registered in close association as in the innervation of the rostellum musculature of davaineid cestodes (Stoitsova et al 2001).…”

Section: Functional Correlates: Possible Role Of Regulatory Peptides mentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-embryonic development and ultrastructural characteristics of the polycephalic larva of Taenia parva Baer, 1926 (Cyclophyllidea, Taeniidae)

Z¹,

Miquel²,

Młocicki³

et al. 2007

Acta Parasitologica

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Post-embryonic development and fully-formed polycephalic larvae of Taenia parva Baer, 1926 were examined by light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three developmental stages were recognised: (1) an early stage of exogenous budding at the surface of the central vesicle; (2) a stage of polycephalic cyst development accompanied by segmentation of the growing larval strobile and an obvious decrease in the size of the central vesicle; (3) fully-formed larval strobile and invaginated scoleces. In fully-developed encysted polycephalic larvae, there are usually 14-24 segmented larval strobilae, each terminating with an invaginated scolex; larval strobilae arise from a common central vesicle and remain attached posterior to it during the entire development. The number of segments varies between 109 and 120 per larval strobila. The polycephalic larvae examined closely resemble the strobilocercus type of taeniid larvae. The structure of developing and fully-formed larvae was examined by TEM. The tegument, scolex, subtegumental musculature of the strobilar segments, protonephridial system, calcareous corpuscles and medullary parenchyma of larvae exhibit general similarity with the same structures in adults at both LM and TEM levels. The morphogenesis of the larva of T. parva is compared with that of the polycephalic larvae of other Taenia spp. (T. krepkogorski, T. twitchelli and T. endothoracica) and with other asexually-multiplying cestode larvae (mesocestoidids, hymenolepidids and dilepidids).

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“…Antibodies to neuronal signal substances such as 5-HT, FMRFamide and GYIRFamide have been shown to selectively immunostain neurones in a wide array of helminth species (for reviews see Halton et al, 1994;Reuter and Gustafsson, 2000) as well as in primitive bilaterians such as acoels (Reuter et al, 2001a, b;Raikova et al, 2004), xenoturbellids (Raikova et al, 2000b) and nemertodermatids (Raikova et al, 2000a). 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine), commonly known as serotonin, belongs to the biogenic amines, signalling molecules with established neurotransmitter and neurohormonal roles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basiepidermal nervous system in Nemertoderma westbladi (Nemertodermatida): GYIRFamide immunoreactivity

Raikova

Reuter

Gustafsson

et al. 2004

Zoology

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Regulatory Peptides in Helminth Parasites

Cited by 68 publications

References 119 publications

The peptidergic nervous system of the triclad turbellarian,Bdelloura candida (maricola, bdellouridae): An immunocytochemical study using an antiserum raised to an endogenous neuropeptide, GYIRFamide

The peptidergic nervous system of the triclad turbellarian,Bdelloura candida (maricola, bdellouridae): An immunocytochemical study using an antiserum raised to an endogenous neuropeptide, GYIRFamide

Post-embryonic development and ultrastructural characteristics of the polycephalic larva of Taenia parva Baer, 1926 (Cyclophyllidea, Taeniidae)

Basiepidermal nervous system in Nemertoderma westbladi (Nemertodermatida): GYIRFamide immunoreactivity

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