Regulatory miRNAs and lncRNAs in Skin Cancer: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have a significant regulatory role in the pathogenesis of skin cancer, despite the fact that protein-coding genes have generally been the focus of research efforts in the field. We comment on the actions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in the current review with an eye toward potential therapeutic treatments. LncRNAs are remarkably adaptable, acting as scaffolding, guides, or decoys to modify key signaling pathways (i.e., the Wnt/β-catenin pathway) and gene expression. As post-transcriptional gatekeepers, miRNAs control gene expression by attaching to messenger RNAs and causing their degradation or suppression during translation. Cell cycle regulation, cellular differentiation, and immunological responses are all affected by the dysregulation of miRNAs observed in skin cancer. NcRNAs also show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic indicators. Unraveling the complexity of the regulatory networks governed by ncRNAs in skin cancer offers unprecedented opportunities for groundbreaking targeted therapies, revolutionizing the landscape of dermatologic care.

Deciphering “Immaturity-Stemness” in Human Epidermal Stem Cells at the Levels of Protein-Coding and Non-Coding Genomes: A Prospective Computational Approach

“…Development of novel bio-informatics tools is thus greatly needed to enrich existing catalogs in functional annotation (for review, see [ 7 ]). In skin, lncRNA have retained attention as biomarkers and as modulators of biological pathways via miRNA sponging and regulation of pcRNA expression, in the context of cancer [ 41 ]. LncRNAs also retained attention in the contexts of skin ageing [ 42 ], wound healing [ 43 ], and inflammatory responses [ 44 ].…”

Non-Coding RNAs as Key Regulators in Lung Cancer

“…However, in addition to genetic changes, epigenetic changes can lead to the development of LC. Despite the fact that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are regions of the transcriptome that do not code for proteins, they make up about 98% of the genome and their role is very important—they have a regulatory role in a huge number of biological processes, affect the expression of protein-coding genes, and can contribute to the development of various diseases, including cancer [ 5 , 6 ]. ncRNAs include long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), promoter-associated transcripts (PATs), enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) [ 5 ].…”

“…affect the expression of protein-coding genes, and can contribute to the development of various diseases, including cancer [5,6]. ncRNAs include long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), promoter-associated transcripts (PATs), enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) [5].…”