Regulatory mechanisms of chitin biosynthesis and roles of chitin in peritrophic matrix formation in the midgut of adult Aedes aegypti

Kato, Nobutaka; Mueller, Christopher R.; Fuchs, Jeremy F.; Wessely, Vilena; Lan, Qing; Christensen, Bruce M.

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.09.003

Cited by 71 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…It is well documented that chitin is present in insects as a component of the peritrophic matrix (Ibrahim et al, 2000;Filho et al, 2002;Zimoch and Merzendorfer, 2002;Zhu et al, 2002;Arakane et al, 2004Arakane et al, , 2005Kato et al, 2006) and cuticle (Neville et al, 1976;Timmermann and Briegel, 1999;Tellam et al, 2000;Arakane et al, 2004Arakane et al, , 2005. Kramerov et al (1986) 3 H-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine are able to synthesize glycoproteins and described those glycoproteins as ''chitin proteins'' that are complexed with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues and sensitive to chitinase hydrolysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A chitin-like component in Aedes aegypti eggshells, eggs and ovaries

Moreira

Santos

Marotta

et al. 2007

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A chitin-like component in Aedes aegypti eggshells, eggs and ovaries

Moreira

Santos

Marotta

et al. 2007

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…[13,[20][21][22]24,36,38,63,64] Chitin recently has become a substance of much scientific investigation. [65][66][67] In the insect cuticle it has been compared to the rods of armoured concrete.…”

Section: The Cuticle Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colours and Metallic Sheen in Beetle Shells — A Biomimetic Search for Material Structuring Principles Causing Light Interference

Lenau¹,

Barfoed²

2008

Adv Eng Mater

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Visual aesthetic has always played a vital role for the success of many products. This includes colours and glossiness and metal appearance which is often achieved using surface coatings. Present coating techniques do, however, have limitations. It is difficult to reach very bright and brilliant colours, colours tend to fade over time and many of the materials and coating technologies pollute and have other environmental problems. Beetles in nature have many of the desired properties: They have appealing brilliant colours and some even with metallic appearance. It is noticeable that the colours are long lasting as some of the beetles we have studied at the zoological museum are more than 200 years old and have colours and brightness as if they were still alive. Furthermore, the beetles in nature are part of sustainable ecosystems, which means that they are made from renewable materials that are broken down and recycled when the beetle dies. Beetles also possess another and very attractive property: Their metallic look originates from structures in organic materials which is both electrically and thermal insulating. The industrial perspective is to be able to manufacture products with attractive metallic surfaces that do not feel so cold to touch as their metallic counterparts and that do not represent an electrical shock hazard.

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“…The predicted structure of Lv-GFAT possessed SIS domains, which are conserved in all GFATs described previously, suggesting that Lv-GFAT should have similar functions to other GFAT family members, especially insect GFATs. In insects, most of studies have shown that GFATs have an important role in chitin biosynthesis and peritrophic matrix formation as well as the cytosolic concentration of UDP-GlcNAc (Graack et al 2001;Kato et al 2002Kato et al , 2006Huang et al 2007). However, the potential role of the GFAT specifically, as a modulator of environmental stress has not been addressed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, the increased GFAT activity appears to be associated with insulin resistance, postprandial hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress in type II diabetes and may point towards a potential pathway amenable for therapeutic intervention (Srinivasan et al 2007). In insects, GFAT is involved in the synthesis of chitin to form a new cuticule in the different moults during development (Kato et al 2002(Kato et al , 2006Huang et al 2007). Chitin is a major component of the outer shell or exoskeleton covering the entire body of the animal providing protection for crustaceans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucosamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: characterization and regulation under alkaline and cadmium stress

et al. 2015

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Heavy metal residues and chemical contaminators considered as relevant sources of aquatic environmental pollutants have a generally immunosuppressive effect on aquatic organisms, depressing metabolic activities and immune response. Glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFAT, EC2.6.1.16) is the first, and rate-limiting, enzyme in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, and is involved in the regulation of chitin biosynthesis and glycosylation of proteins. We have isolated and characterized GFAT from the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Amino acid sequence similarity of the Lv-GFAT (L.vannamei-GFAT) was highest to GFATs isolated from insects and mammals (83 % similarity to that of Haemaphysalis longicornis). The open-reading frame of the Lv-GFAT codes for a protein of 41.6 kDa with a calculated isoelectric point of 5.03. RT-PCR assays showed that endogenous Lv-GFAT mRNA is most strongly expressed in the intestine. Further analysis of Lv-GFAT gene expression in hepatopancreas by quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that Lv-GFAT transcript levels increased when the shrimp were exposed to alkaline pH (9.3) and cadmium stress, but the time when its mRNA expression level peaked differed under these stresses. We also first expressed the recombinant protein of GFAT from shrimps in Escherichia coli. Western blot analyses confirmed that the Lv-GFAT protein was strongly expressed in the hepatopancreas after exposure to the LC-Cd stress. These results suggest that Lv-GFAT expression is stimulated by alkaline pH and cadmium stress and that it may play important roles in resistance of shrimp to environmental stresses.

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Regulatory mechanisms of chitin biosynthesis and roles of chitin in peritrophic matrix formation in the midgut of adult Aedes aegypti

Cited by 71 publications

References 36 publications

A chitin-like component in Aedes aegypti eggshells, eggs and ovaries

A chitin-like component in Aedes aegypti eggshells, eggs and ovaries

Colours and Metallic Sheen in Beetle Shells — A Biomimetic Search for Material Structuring Principles Causing Light Interference

Glucosamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: characterization and regulation under alkaline and cadmium stress

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