Regulatory hubs and strategies for improving heavy metal tolerance in plants: Chemical messengers, omics and genetic engineering

Khan, M. Iqbal R.; Chopra, Priyanka; Chhillar, Himanshu; Ahanger, Mohammad Abass; Hussain, Sofi J.; Maheshwari, Chirag

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.006

Cited by 42 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 274 publications

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“…Moreover, the expression level of genes and metabolites were altered under melatonin treatment and involved in JA biosynthesis, suggesting a negative regulation of JA in HM-stress tolerance [ 137 ]. Further, the involvement of different phytohormones in HM-stress tolerance in plants has been excellently reviewed recently ( Figure 3 ) [ 264 ].…”

Section: Hm-stress Tolerance Is Mediated By the Phytohormones Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on the Heavy Metal Toxicity and Sequestration in Plants

et al. 2021

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Heavy metal (HM) toxicity has become a global concern in recent years and is imposing a severe threat to the environment and human health. In the case of plants, a higher concentration of HMs, above a threshold, adversely affects cellular metabolism because of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which target the key biological molecules. Moreover, some of the HMs such as mercury and arsenic, among others, can directly alter the protein/enzyme activities by targeting their –SH group to further impede the cellular metabolism. Particularly, inhibition of photosynthesis has been reported under HM toxicity because HMs trigger the degradation of chlorophyll molecules by enhancing the chlorophyllase activity and by replacing the central Mg ion in the porphyrin ring which affects overall plant growth and yield. Consequently, plants utilize various strategies to mitigate the negative impact of HM toxicity by limiting the uptake of these HMs and their sequestration into the vacuoles with the help of various molecules including proteins such as phytochelatins, metallothionein, compatible solutes, and secondary metabolites. In this comprehensive review, we provided insights towards a wider aspect of HM toxicity, ranging from their negative impact on plant growth to the mechanisms employed by the plants to alleviate the HM toxicity and presented the molecular mechanism of HMs toxicity and sequestration in plants.

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Section: Hm-stress Tolerance Is Mediated By the Phytohormones Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on the Heavy Metal Toxicity and Sequestration in Plants

et al. 2021

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“…Genetic engineering can significantly improve a plant's ability to transform, translocate, and lessen the adverse impacts of heavy metals (Raza et al, 2021). Omic tools have gained a lot of interest recently for their use in plant development and programs to mitigate agricultural production challenges, specially to mitigate heavy metal stress (Khan et al, 2021). To identify target genes, proteins, and metabolites linked to Cr detoxification and stress tolerance responses in plants, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have become effective methods (Chaudhary et al, 2019).…”

Section: Genetic Mechanisms To Control Cr Toxicity In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible to modify the Cr stressresponsive genes, proteins, and metabolites to either increase plant tolerance to Cr stress or decrease Cr accumulation (Thakur et al, 2019). Tools for genetic engineering that are particularly effective at changing the genes involved in the acquisition, transport, and accumulation of Cr inside the plant are necessary for this type of manipulation (Khan et al, 2021). The main goal of genetic engineering is the creation of tolerant varieties using either a transgenic approach or genome editing (Raza et al, 2021).…”

Section: Genetic Mechanisms To Control Cr Toxicity In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium toxicity, speciation, and remediation strategies in soil-plant interface: A critical review

et al. 2023

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In recent decades, environmental pollution with chromium (Cr) has gained significant attention. Although chromium (Cr) can exist in a variety of different oxidation states and is a polyvalent element, only trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] and hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] are found frequently in the natural environment. In the current review, we summarize the biogeochemical procedures that regulate Cr(VI) mobilization, accumulation, bioavailability, toxicity in soils, and probable risks to ecosystem are also highlighted. Plants growing in Cr(VI)-contaminated soils show reduced growth and development with lower agricultural production and quality. Furthermore, Cr(VI) exposure causes oxidative stress due to the production of free radicals which modifies plant morpho-physiological and biochemical processes at tissue and cellular levels. However, plants may develop extensive cellular and physiological defensive mechanisms in response to Cr(VI) toxicity to ensure their survival. To cope with Cr(VI) toxicity, plants either avoid absorbing Cr(VI) from the soil or turn on the detoxifying mechanism, which involves producing antioxidants (both enzymatic and non-enzymatic) for scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, this review also highlights recent knowledge of remediation approaches i.e., bioremediation/phytoremediation, or remediation by using microbes exogenous use of organic amendments (biochar, manure, and compost), and nano-remediation supplements, which significantly remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated soil/water and lessen possible health and environmental challenges. Future research needs and knowledge gaps are also covered. The review’s observations should aid in the development of creative and useful methods for limiting Cr(VI) bioavailability, toxicity and sustainably managing Cr(VI)-polluted soils/water, by clear understanding of mechanistic basis of Cr(VI) toxicity, signaling pathways, and tolerance mechanisms; hence reducing its hazards to the environment.

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“…Various biotechnological techniques are being implied to get an insight and in-depth understanding of the mechanisms and pathways involved in plant responses and tolerance toward toxic metals/metalloids toxicity. “Omics” approaches such as genomics (genes and complete DNA), transcriptomics (coding RNA and its types), proteomics (proteins), metabolomics (profiling of metabolites), ionomics (micro and macro ions profiling), miRNAomics (non-coding RNA), and phenomics (plant phenotype) are being widely implied for this purpose ( Jamla et al, 2021a ; Khan et al, 2021 ; Raza et al, 2021a ). Molecular regulators (genes, RNA, metabolites, and proteins) and their related activities like replication, translation, post-translation, transcription, etc., play a pivotal role in the performance and maintenance of critical plant functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in “Omics” Approaches for Improving Toxic Metals/Metalloids Tolerance in Plants

et al. 2022

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Food safety has emerged as a high-urgency matter for sustainable agricultural production. Toxic metal contamination of soil and water significantly affects agricultural productivity, which is further aggravated by extreme anthropogenic activities and modern agricultural practices, leaving food safety and human health at risk. In addition to reducing crop production, increased metals/metalloids toxicity also disturbs plants’ demand and supply equilibrium. Counterbalancing toxic metals/metalloids toxicity demands a better understanding of the complex mechanisms at physiological, biochemical, molecular, cellular, and plant level that may result in increased crop productivity. Consequently, plants have established different internal defense mechanisms to cope with the adverse effects of toxic metals/metalloids. Nevertheless, these internal defense mechanisms are not adequate to overwhelm the metals/metalloids toxicity. Plants produce several secondary messengers to trigger cell signaling, activating the numerous transcriptional responses correlated with plant defense. Therefore, the recent advances in omics approaches such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, ionomics, miRNAomics, and phenomics have enabled the characterization of molecular regulators associated with toxic metal tolerance, which can be deployed for developing toxic metal tolerant plants. This review highlights various response strategies adopted by plants to tolerate toxic metals/metalloids toxicity, including physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses. A seven-(omics)-based design is summarized with scientific clues to reveal the stress-responsive genes, proteins, metabolites, miRNAs, trace elements, stress-inducible phenotypes, and metabolic pathways that could potentially help plants to cope up with metals/metalloids toxicity in the face of fluctuating environmental conditions. Finally, some bottlenecks and future directions have also been highlighted, which could enable sustainable agricultural production.

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Regulatory hubs and strategies for improving heavy metal tolerance in plants: Chemical messengers, omics and genetic engineering

Cited by 42 publications

References 274 publications

A Comprehensive Review on the Heavy Metal Toxicity and Sequestration in Plants

A Comprehensive Review on the Heavy Metal Toxicity and Sequestration in Plants

Chromium toxicity, speciation, and remediation strategies in soil-plant interface: A critical review

Advances in “Omics” Approaches for Improving Toxic Metals/Metalloids Tolerance in Plants

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